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Taha (1997) (++)/(++) Manual cleansing of the birth canal with a 0.25% chlorhexidine gluconate solution in sterile water. Babies born during the intervention phase were wiped with pads soaked in 0.25% chlorhexidine immediately after delivery. Women in general Clinical Other clinical management cleansing of the birth canal Central hospital Neonatal mortality Perinatal mortality Stillbirth Appendix 4.10 Perinatal mortality showed a significant but transient change during the observation period 1982-1991. What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income countries? 244
The authors of this report were supported by the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre). The Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre) is part of the Social Science Research Unit (SSRU), Institute of Education, University of London. Since 1993, we have been at the forefront of carrying out systematic reviews and developing review methods in social science and public policy. We are dedicated to making reliable research findings accessible to the people who need them, whether they are making policy, practice or personal decisions. We engage health and education policy makers, practitioners and service users in discussions about how researchers can make their work more relevant and how to use research findings. Founded in 1990, the Social Science Research Unit (SSRU) is based at the Institute of Education, University of London. Our mission is to engage in and otherwise promote rigorous, ethical and participative social research as well as to support evidence-informed public policy and practice across a range of domains including education, health and welfare, guided by a concern for human rights, social justice and the development of human potential. This material has been funded by the Department for International Development. However the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the department’s official policies. The report was first published in 2012 by: Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre (EPPI-Centre) Social Science Research Unit Institute of Education, University of London 18 Woburn Square London WC1H 0NR Tel: +44 (0)20 7612 6397 http://eppi.ioe.ac.uk http://www.ioe.ac.uk/ssru ISBN: 978-1-907345-25-8 Cover image ©IFAD/Radhika Chalasani The views expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the EPPI-Centre or the funder. All errors and omissions remain those of the authors. This document is available in a range of accessible formats including large print. Please contact the Institute of Education for assistance: telephone: +44 (0)20 7947 9556 email: info@ioe.ac.uk
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Systematic review What are the effe
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Contents List of abbreviations ....
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List of abbreviations AIDS Acquired
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Executive summary Background Execut
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Executive summary be to retrospecti
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Background many LICs and LMCs, it i
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Background Cross-sectional surveys
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Background For some causes of mater
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Background informal settlements on
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Background review focused on explic
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Types of intervention Interventions
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Box 2.2: Websites searched AFD (Age
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second stage previously described f
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using qualitative analysis to attem
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Figure 3.1: Filtering of papers fro
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Middle East and North Africa (8%) S
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Search results access or satisfacti
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4. Synthesis results Summary Synthe
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Synthesis results Four studies focu
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Drug treatments (including micronut
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Synthesis results Training and audi
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Synthesis results order to be effec
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Synthesis results government admini
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HIV/AIDS and Malaria, as well as no
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Synthesis results ASSESSING THE COS
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and birthing care services, includi
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Synthesis results of settings were
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Figure 4.1: Causal chain for matern
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4.3 Summary of results of causal ch
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5. Strengths and limitations Summar
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6. Conclusions and recommendations
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Conclusions and recommendations Urb
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References Bakr A F, Karkour T (200
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References Deschamps M M, Noel F, B
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References Lim S, Dandona L, Hoisin
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References Shantharam Baliga B, Rag
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References Channon A A, Falkingham
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References Jowett M (2000) Safe Mot
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References Rice J, Rice J S (2009)
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Appendices Appendix 1.1: Authorship
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Appendix 2.1: Inclusion and exclusi
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Appendix 2.2: Search strategy for e
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Appendix 2.2 Infant* OR Matern* OR
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OR/ 12-13 11 AND 14 Limit 15 to pub
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Appendix 2.4: Journals handsearched
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POOR PROFILE Is the study populatio
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infants (
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Appendix 2.5 Intervention (surgical
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Appendix 2.5 Intervention (service
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MORTALITY OUTCOME TYPES Which morta
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positive neutral negative unclear/n
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yes no unclear/not stated N/A Study
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surveillance system none of the abo
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no SELECTION CHARACTERISTICS Is inf
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Appendix 2.5 QUANTITATIVE DATA ADJU
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RESEARCHER RELATIONSHIP Has the rel
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Were the inclusion/exclusion criter
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person-years). 3.5 Was follow-up ti
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Appendix 2.7 Appendix 2.7: Quality
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triangulation, or for not triangula
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Was the study approved by an ethics
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Item Yes No Not clear 3. The viewpo
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Appendix 2.9: Electronic databases
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Web of Knowledge (including ISI Cit
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Study Setting Intervention type Abo
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Study Setting Intervention type Alw
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Study Setting Intervention type Ben
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Study Setting Intervention type Ble
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Study Setting Intervention type Cob
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Study Setting Intervention type Des
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Study Setting Intervention type Faw
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Study Setting Intervention type Jak
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Study Setting Intervention type Kup
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Study Setting Intervention type Mar
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Study Setting Intervention type Nah
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Study Setting Intervention type Pad
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Study Setting Intervention type Str
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Study Setting Intervention type Zia
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Appendix 3.2 Adam G K, Abdulla M A,
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Appendix 3.2 Balkus J, Bosire R, Jo
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Appendix 3.2 Boerma J T, Stroh G (1
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Appendix 3.2 Chiwuzie J, Okojie O,
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Appendix 3.2 De Alencar A E, Arraes
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Appendix 3.2 Ekman B, Pathmanathan
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Appendix 3.2 Garg R, Omwomo W, Witt
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Appendix 3.2 Gupta R, Sachdev H P,
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Appendix 3.2 Hutton G, Schellenberg
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Appendix 3.2 Khandker S R, Latif M
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Appendix 3.2 Lindblade K A, Eisele
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Appendix 3.2 Menéndez C, Bardají
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Appendix 3.2 Nduati R, John G, Mbor
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Appendix 3.2 O'Rourke K (1995a) The
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Appendix 3.2 Prual A, De Bernis L,
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Appendix 3.2 Sabitu K, Alti-Mu'azu
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Appendix 3.2 Smith J B, Coleman N A
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Appendix 3.2 Van Rheenen P, De Moor
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Appendix 3.2 Xiang X, Wang L, Xu L
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Appendix 3.4 Appendix 3.4: Studies
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Appendix 3.4 International Bank for
Page 199 and 200: Appendix 3.5 Appendix 3.5: Studies
Page 201 and 202: Orji (2003) (-)/(-) Shihadeh (2001)
Page 203 and 204: Chinayon (1998) (+)/(+) Kamilya (20
Page 205 and 206: Nahar (2004) (-)/(-) Tukur (2007) (
Page 207 and 208: Ndibazza (2010) (++)/(+) Antiretrov
Page 209 and 210: Bergstrom (1991) (+)/(+) Women with
Page 211 and 212: Enakpene (2010) (+)/(-) Etuk (2000a
Page 213 and 214: Pereira (1996) (-)/(-) Saleem (2007
Page 215 and 216: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Joshi (2007
Page 217 and 218: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Aaby (2005)
Page 219 and 220: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Martins (20
Page 221 and 222: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) de Muylder
Page 223 and 224: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Provider mo
Page 225 and 226: Appendix 4.4: Included items dealin
Page 227 and 228: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Target Popu
Page 229 and 230: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Colonna (19
Page 231 and 232: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Kuhn (2008)
Page 233 and 234: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Target popu
Page 235 and 236: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Mswia (2003
Page 237 and 238: Appendix 4.6: Included items dealin
Page 239 and 240: Appendix 4.8 Appendix 4.8: Economic
Page 241 and 242: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) and setting
Page 243 and 244: Appendix 4.9: Included items identi
Page 245 and 246: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
Page 247 and 248: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
Page 249: Appendix 4.10: High-quality include
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