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Full Report - Research for Development - Department for ...

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Study Setting Intervention<br />

type<br />

Nduati<br />

(2001)<br />

O’ Hare<br />

(2006)<br />

Okaro<br />

(2001)<br />

Orji<br />

(2003)<br />

O'Rourke<br />

(1995)<br />

Kenya<br />

urban<br />

Uganda<br />

urban<br />

Nigeria<br />

urban<br />

Nigeria<br />

urban<br />

Guatemal<br />

a urban<br />

Non-clinical<br />

Nutrition<br />

(including<br />

breastfeeding)<br />

Non-clinical<br />

Service<br />

organization:<br />

training and<br />

audit<br />

Comparison Study<br />

design<br />

Alternative<br />

intervention<br />

s/ service/<br />

financing<br />

mechanism/<br />

regulation<br />

Normal/<br />

existing<br />

service/<br />

financing<br />

mechanism/<br />

regulation<br />

Complex Normal/<br />

existing<br />

service/<br />

financing<br />

mechanism/<br />

regulation<br />

Clinical<br />

Surgical/<br />

instrumental<br />

procedures<br />

Non-clinical<br />

Service<br />

organization:<br />

training and<br />

audit<br />

Normal/<br />

existing<br />

service/<br />

financing<br />

mechanism/<br />

regulation<br />

No<br />

intervention<br />

Controlled<br />

experimenta<br />

l study<br />

experimenta<br />

l study<br />

without<br />

concurrent<br />

control<br />

Observationa<br />

l studies<br />

with<br />

comparison<br />

group<br />

Observationa<br />

l studies<br />

with<br />

comparison<br />

group<br />

Observationa<br />

l studies<br />

with<br />

comparison<br />

group<br />

Target<br />

population<br />

HIV-1<br />

infected<br />

women<br />

Neonates in<br />

general<br />

Women in<br />

general<br />

Singleton<br />

mothers<br />

with breech<br />

delivery<br />

Women in<br />

general<br />

Sample<br />

size<br />

Length<br />

(months)<br />

Intervention<br />

claims<br />

425 59 negative<br />

420 1 positive<br />

60,310 unclear/<br />

not<br />

stated<br />

244 unclear/<br />

not<br />

stated<br />

Internal<br />

validity<br />

++ -<br />

- -<br />

negative - -<br />

positive<br />

- -<br />

733 12 neutral + -<br />

Appendix 3.1<br />

What are the effects of different models of delivery <strong>for</strong> improving maternal and infant health outcomes <strong>for</strong> poor people in urban areas in low income<br />

and lower middle income countries? 144<br />

External<br />

validity

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