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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) and settings Sharieff (2008) (+)/(-) Pakistan Intervention (I) and comparator (C) I: Nutritional supplement containing iron and zinc in form of sprinkles C: Placebo product Target population and duration of economic analysis Hypothetical cohort of 5,000 6-12 month infants Effectiveness data from two RCTs Resource use data from Pakistan Sprinkles Diarrhoea study Study design Modelling study CBA Modelled outcomes until age 55 Cost results Mortality-related effectiveness results Net cost per child was $10 – $473 in the Sprinkles group and $1.31–$512 in the placebo group. Based on data in effectiveness studies, estimated risk ratio in mortality for intervention group at 1 year was 0.82. Present value of net benefits including earnings from productivity in adulthood almost $800. Key: RCT – Randomised Controlled Trial; CEA – Cost-effectiveness Analysis; CBA – Cost-Benefit Analysis. Perspective/price year Health sector costs; impact on future productivity in adulthood International $ 2003 prices Appendix 4.8 Synthesis of costs and effectiveness data Overall the present value of lifetime benefits was greater than the present value of costs of intervention. What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income countries? 236
Appendix 4.9: Included items identified as high quality, with positive outcome(s) for maternal and/or infant mortality Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Infant Darmstadt (2008) (++)/(++) Maternal Dumont (2006) (++)/(++) Poor urban identification Relative income: mean ±SD, 1,000 taka Maternal education Paternal education Resource-poor setting Brief intervention description Preterm infants (gestational age: ≤33 weeks) received daily topical applications of sunflower seed oil (SSO) or Aquaphor ointment. Midwives were responsible for identifying maternal deaths in the facility and they reported each case via a specific maternal deaths register. A senior gynaecologist– Target population Intervention type Preterm infants Clinical Pregnant women admitted to hospital for childbirth Other clinical management skin therapy Non-clinical Service organisation Maternal deaths review (MDR) Setting Targeted outcome(s) Special care nursery District hospital Neonatal mortality Maternal mortality Effect(s) Appendix 4.9 Both SSO and Aquaphor significantly reduced mortality rates among preterm hospitalised infants with gestational ages of 33 weeks in Bangladesh, by 25% to 30%. Significant decrease in maternal mortality within a 3-year intervention period, in What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income countries? 237
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Systematic review What are the effe
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Contents List of abbreviations ....
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List of abbreviations AIDS Acquired
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Executive summary Background Execut
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Executive summary be to retrospecti
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Background many LICs and LMCs, it i
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Background Cross-sectional surveys
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Background For some causes of mater
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Background informal settlements on
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Background review focused on explic
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Types of intervention Interventions
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Box 2.2: Websites searched AFD (Age
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second stage previously described f
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using qualitative analysis to attem
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Figure 3.1: Filtering of papers fro
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Middle East and North Africa (8%) S
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Search results access or satisfacti
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4. Synthesis results Summary Synthe
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Synthesis results Four studies focu
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Drug treatments (including micronut
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Synthesis results Training and audi
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Synthesis results order to be effec
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Synthesis results government admini
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HIV/AIDS and Malaria, as well as no
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Synthesis results ASSESSING THE COS
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and birthing care services, includi
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Synthesis results of settings were
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Figure 4.1: Causal chain for matern
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4.3 Summary of results of causal ch
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5. Strengths and limitations Summar
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6. Conclusions and recommendations
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Conclusions and recommendations Urb
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References Bakr A F, Karkour T (200
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References Deschamps M M, Noel F, B
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References Lim S, Dandona L, Hoisin
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References Shantharam Baliga B, Rag
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References Channon A A, Falkingham
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References Jowett M (2000) Safe Mot
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References Rice J, Rice J S (2009)
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Appendices Appendix 1.1: Authorship
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Appendix 2.1: Inclusion and exclusi
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Appendix 2.2: Search strategy for e
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Appendix 2.2 Infant* OR Matern* OR
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OR/ 12-13 11 AND 14 Limit 15 to pub
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Appendix 2.4: Journals handsearched
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POOR PROFILE Is the study populatio
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infants (
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Appendix 2.5 Intervention (surgical
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Appendix 2.5 Intervention (service
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MORTALITY OUTCOME TYPES Which morta
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positive neutral negative unclear/n
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yes no unclear/not stated N/A Study
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surveillance system none of the abo
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no SELECTION CHARACTERISTICS Is inf
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Appendix 2.5 QUANTITATIVE DATA ADJU
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RESEARCHER RELATIONSHIP Has the rel
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Were the inclusion/exclusion criter
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person-years). 3.5 Was follow-up ti
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Appendix 2.7 Appendix 2.7: Quality
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triangulation, or for not triangula
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Was the study approved by an ethics
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Item Yes No Not clear 3. The viewpo
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Appendix 2.9: Electronic databases
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Web of Knowledge (including ISI Cit
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Study Setting Intervention type Abo
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Study Setting Intervention type Alw
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Study Setting Intervention type Ben
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Study Setting Intervention type Ble
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Study Setting Intervention type Cob
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Study Setting Intervention type Des
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Study Setting Intervention type Faw
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Study Setting Intervention type Jak
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Study Setting Intervention type Kup
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Study Setting Intervention type Mar
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Study Setting Intervention type Nah
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Study Setting Intervention type Pad
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Study Setting Intervention type Str
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Study Setting Intervention type Zia
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Appendix 3.2 Adam G K, Abdulla M A,
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Appendix 3.2 Balkus J, Bosire R, Jo
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Appendix 3.2 Boerma J T, Stroh G (1
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Appendix 3.2 Chiwuzie J, Okojie O,
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Appendix 3.2 De Alencar A E, Arraes
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Appendix 3.2 Ekman B, Pathmanathan
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Appendix 3.2 Garg R, Omwomo W, Witt
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Appendix 3.2 Gupta R, Sachdev H P,
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Appendix 3.2 Hutton G, Schellenberg
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Appendix 3.2 Khandker S R, Latif M
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Appendix 3.2 Lindblade K A, Eisele
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Appendix 3.2 Menéndez C, Bardají
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Appendix 3.2 Nduati R, John G, Mbor
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Appendix 3.2 O'Rourke K (1995a) The
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Appendix 3.2 Prual A, De Bernis L,
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Appendix 3.2 Sabitu K, Alti-Mu'azu
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Appendix 3.2 Smith J B, Coleman N A
Page 191 and 192: Appendix 3.2 Van Rheenen P, De Moor
Page 193 and 194: Appendix 3.2 Xiang X, Wang L, Xu L
Page 195 and 196: Appendix 3.4 Appendix 3.4: Studies
Page 197 and 198: Appendix 3.4 International Bank for
Page 199 and 200: Appendix 3.5 Appendix 3.5: Studies
Page 201 and 202: Orji (2003) (-)/(-) Shihadeh (2001)
Page 203 and 204: Chinayon (1998) (+)/(+) Kamilya (20
Page 205 and 206: Nahar (2004) (-)/(-) Tukur (2007) (
Page 207 and 208: Ndibazza (2010) (++)/(+) Antiretrov
Page 209 and 210: Bergstrom (1991) (+)/(+) Women with
Page 211 and 212: Enakpene (2010) (+)/(-) Etuk (2000a
Page 213 and 214: Pereira (1996) (-)/(-) Saleem (2007
Page 215 and 216: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Joshi (2007
Page 217 and 218: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Aaby (2005)
Page 219 and 220: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Martins (20
Page 221 and 222: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) de Muylder
Page 223 and 224: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Provider mo
Page 225 and 226: Appendix 4.4: Included items dealin
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Page 229 and 230: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Colonna (19
Page 231 and 232: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Kuhn (2008)
Page 233 and 234: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Target popu
Page 235 and 236: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Mswia (2003
Page 237 and 238: Appendix 4.6: Included items dealin
Page 239 and 240: Appendix 4.8 Appendix 4.8: Economic
Page 241: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) and setting
Page 245 and 246: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
Page 247 and 248: Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
Page 249 and 250: Appendix 4.10: High-quality include
Page 251: The authors of this report were sup
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