Full Report - Research for Development - Department for ...

Author
(year)
(IV)/(EV)
Joshi
(2007)
(-)/(-)
Kumwenda
(2008)
(++)/(++)
Target
Population
Neonates with
primary
pulmonary
hypertension
Infants born to
HIV infected
mothers
Brief intervention description Targeted
outcome(s)
Introduction of nitric oxide (iNO) therapy. Neonatal
mortality
Antiretroviral prophylaxis to reduce breastmilk
HIV transmission. Drugs for infants in the
two extended-prophylaxis groups were
dispensed to the mothers starting at the 1week
study visit and at subsequent visits until
the infant completed the 14-week regimen.
In the extended-prophylaxis groups, the oral
dose of nevirapine was 2 mg per kilogram
once daily during week 2, then 4 mg per
kilogram once daily during weeks 3 through
14. The oral dose of zidovudine was 4 mg per
kilogram twice daily during weeks 2 through
5, 4 mg per kilogram three times daily during
weeks 6 through 8, and 6 mg per kilogram
three times daily during weeks 9 through 14.
Infant
mortality
Findings summary
Appendix 4.2
Out of 18 babies treated with iNO, 2
babies, both transported from another
hospital in a critical condition, died within
an hour of initiation of iNO therapy. Three
babies did not show any improvement in
oxygenation following initial 2 hours of iNO
therapy. Therefore iNO was discontinued
and all 3 of them died. Of the remaining 13
babies who had shown a significant
improvement in oxygenation after initial 2
hours of iNO therapy, 6 (46 %) survived and
7 died (54 %).
At 9 months, although mortality in the
control group exceeded that in the
intervention groups, the differences were
not significant.
What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income
and lower middle income countries?
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