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Study Setting Intervention type Enakpene (2010) Enweronu (2008) Etuk (2000a) Etuk (2000b) Fabamwo (2010) Nigeria urban Ghana urban Nigeria urban Nigeria urban Nigeria urban Clinical Other clinical management Non-clinical Service organization: increasing investment and scaling up Clinical Other clinical management Clinical Other clinical management Clinical Other clinical management Comparison Study design No intervention Normal/ existing service/ financing mechanism/ regulation Normal/ existing service/ financing mechanism/ regulation Normal/ existing service/ financing mechanism/ regulation Normal/ existing service/ financing mechanism/ regulation Observationa l studies with comparison group Observationa l studies with comparison group Observationa l studies with comparison group Observationa l studies with comparison group Observationa l studies with comparison group Target population Women with umbilical cord prolapse (UCP) Neonates requiring intensive care Women in general Women in general Women in general Sample size Length (months) Intervention claims Internal validity 72 120 positive + - 3,893 N/ A positive 672 unclear/ not stated 672 unclear/ not stated Appendix 3.1 What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income countries? 134 neutral positive 1,133 6 positive + - - - positive. - - - - External validity
Study Setting Intervention type Fawzi (2007) Fekih (2002) Fenton (1999) Fetuga (2010) Tanzania urban Tunisia urban Malawi urban Nigeria urban Clinical Drug treatment (including micronutrient supplementation) : Micronutrient supplementation Clinical Drug treatment (including micronutrient supplementation) : steroids Clinical Other clinical management Clinical Vaccinations Comparison Study design No intervention No intervention No intervention alternative intervention s/ service/ financing mechanism/ regulation Controlled experimenta l study Controlled experimenta l study Observationa l studies with comparison group Observationa l studies with comparison group Target population HIV-negative pregnant women Women 26- 34 weeks gestation at high-risk of premature delivery Women needing Caesarean section Neonates in general Sample size Length (months) Intervention claims 8,137 36 neutral Internal validity Appendix 3.1 ++ ++ 118 18 positive + - 3,665 18 neutral + - 175 N/ A neutral + + What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income countries? 135 External validity
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Systematic review What are the effe
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Contents List of abbreviations ....
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List of abbreviations AIDS Acquired
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Executive summary Background Execut
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Executive summary be to retrospecti
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Background many LICs and LMCs, it i
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Background Cross-sectional surveys
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Background For some causes of mater
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Background informal settlements on
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Background review focused on explic
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Types of intervention Interventions
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Box 2.2: Websites searched AFD (Age
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second stage previously described f
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using qualitative analysis to attem
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Figure 3.1: Filtering of papers fro
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Middle East and North Africa (8%) S
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Search results access or satisfacti
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4. Synthesis results Summary Synthe
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Synthesis results Four studies focu
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Drug treatments (including micronut
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Synthesis results Training and audi
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Synthesis results order to be effec
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Synthesis results government admini
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HIV/AIDS and Malaria, as well as no
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Synthesis results ASSESSING THE COS
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and birthing care services, includi
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Synthesis results of settings were
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Figure 4.1: Causal chain for matern
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4.3 Summary of results of causal ch
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5. Strengths and limitations Summar
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6. Conclusions and recommendations
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Conclusions and recommendations Urb
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References Bakr A F, Karkour T (200
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References Deschamps M M, Noel F, B
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References Lim S, Dandona L, Hoisin
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References Shantharam Baliga B, Rag
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References Channon A A, Falkingham
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References Jowett M (2000) Safe Mot
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References Rice J, Rice J S (2009)
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Appendices Appendix 1.1: Authorship
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Appendix 2.1: Inclusion and exclusi
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Appendix 2.2: Search strategy for e
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Appendix 2.2 Infant* OR Matern* OR
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OR/ 12-13 11 AND 14 Limit 15 to pub
Page 89 and 90: Appendix 2.4: Journals handsearched
Page 91 and 92: POOR PROFILE Is the study populatio
Page 93 and 94: infants (
Page 95 and 96: Appendix 2.5 Intervention (surgical
Page 97 and 98: Appendix 2.5 Intervention (service
Page 99 and 100: MORTALITY OUTCOME TYPES Which morta
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Page 103 and 104: yes no unclear/not stated N/A Study
Page 105 and 106: surveillance system none of the abo
Page 107 and 108: no SELECTION CHARACTERISTICS Is inf
Page 109 and 110: Appendix 2.5 QUANTITATIVE DATA ADJU
Page 111 and 112: RESEARCHER RELATIONSHIP Has the rel
Page 113 and 114: Were the inclusion/exclusion criter
Page 115 and 116: person-years). 3.5 Was follow-up ti
Page 117 and 118: Appendix 2.7 Appendix 2.7: Quality
Page 119 and 120: triangulation, or for not triangula
Page 121 and 122: Was the study approved by an ethics
Page 123 and 124: Item Yes No Not clear 3. The viewpo
Page 125 and 126: Appendix 2.9: Electronic databases
Page 127 and 128: Web of Knowledge (including ISI Cit
Page 129 and 130: Study Setting Intervention type Abo
Page 131 and 132: Study Setting Intervention type Alw
Page 133 and 134: Study Setting Intervention type Ben
Page 135 and 136: Study Setting Intervention type Ble
Page 137 and 138: Study Setting Intervention type Cob
Page 139: Study Setting Intervention type Des
Page 143 and 144: Study Setting Intervention type Jak
Page 145 and 146: Study Setting Intervention type Kup
Page 147 and 148: Study Setting Intervention type Mar
Page 149 and 150: Study Setting Intervention type Nah
Page 151 and 152: Study Setting Intervention type Pad
Page 153 and 154: Study Setting Intervention type Str
Page 155 and 156: Study Setting Intervention type Zia
Page 157 and 158: Appendix 3.2 Adam G K, Abdulla M A,
Page 159 and 160: Appendix 3.2 Balkus J, Bosire R, Jo
Page 161 and 162: Appendix 3.2 Boerma J T, Stroh G (1
Page 163 and 164: Appendix 3.2 Chiwuzie J, Okojie O,
Page 165 and 166: Appendix 3.2 De Alencar A E, Arraes
Page 167 and 168: Appendix 3.2 Ekman B, Pathmanathan
Page 169 and 170: Appendix 3.2 Garg R, Omwomo W, Witt
Page 171 and 172: Appendix 3.2 Gupta R, Sachdev H P,
Page 173 and 174: Appendix 3.2 Hutton G, Schellenberg
Page 175 and 176: Appendix 3.2 Khandker S R, Latif M
Page 177 and 178: Appendix 3.2 Lindblade K A, Eisele
Page 179 and 180: Appendix 3.2 Menéndez C, Bardají
Page 181 and 182: Appendix 3.2 Nduati R, John G, Mbor
Page 183 and 184: Appendix 3.2 O'Rourke K (1995a) The
Page 185 and 186: Appendix 3.2 Prual A, De Bernis L,
Page 187 and 188: Appendix 3.2 Sabitu K, Alti-Mu'azu
Page 189 and 190: Appendix 3.2 Smith J B, Coleman N A
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Appendix 3.2 Van Rheenen P, De Moor
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Appendix 3.2 Xiang X, Wang L, Xu L
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Appendix 3.4 Appendix 3.4: Studies
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Appendix 3.4 International Bank for
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Appendix 3.5 Appendix 3.5: Studies
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Orji (2003) (-)/(-) Shihadeh (2001)
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Chinayon (1998) (+)/(+) Kamilya (20
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Nahar (2004) (-)/(-) Tukur (2007) (
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Ndibazza (2010) (++)/(+) Antiretrov
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Bergstrom (1991) (+)/(+) Women with
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Enakpene (2010) (+)/(-) Etuk (2000a
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Pereira (1996) (-)/(-) Saleem (2007
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Joshi (2007
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Aaby (2005)
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Martins (20
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) de Muylder
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Provider mo
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Appendix 4.4: Included items dealin
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Target Popu
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Colonna (19
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Kuhn (2008)
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Target popu
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Mswia (2003
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Appendix 4.6: Included items dealin
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Appendix 4.8 Appendix 4.8: Economic
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) and setting
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Appendix 4.9: Included items identi
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
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Author (year) (IV)/(EV) Poor urban
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Appendix 4.10: High-quality include
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The authors of this report were sup
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