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Appendix 2.1: Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Criterion Inclusion Exclusion
Types of studies Randomised controlled trials
Types of
participants
Types of
intervention
Types of
outcomes
Non-randomised controlled trials
Observational studies with control
groups
Longitudinal time series studies
Systematic reviews of these
interventions
Economic evaluations and modelling
studies of relevant interventions
Qualitative evaluations looking at
implementation of relevant
interventions
Studies including:
Mothers and/or infants up to age of 24
months
AND
poor populations;
AND
urban, or semi-urban, or peri-urban
settings
AND
low income and lower middle income
countries 18
Studies on interventions broadly defined
as actions concerned with improving the
access, utilisation or effectiveness of
maternal and infant health services in
areas serving urban poor populations
Studies which have one or more of the
following indicators as outcomes:
maternal, infant, neonatal, perinatal,
post-neonatal mortality, and still-birth;
severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM)
(haemorrhage, dystocia, hypertension,
sepsis, incomplete abortion, Caesarean
section (CS), hysterectomy, and blood
transfusion)
Appendix 2.1
Editorial, commentaries or
book reviews
Policy analyses
Qualitative secondary
analyses
Studies that include only:
Children aged more than
24 months
What are the effects of different models of delivery for improving maternal and infant
health outcomes for poor people in urban areas in low income and lower middle income
countries? 75
OR
non-poor urban
populations
OR
rural settings
OR
upper middle-income
countries
countries in Europe
Studies that did not clearly
distinguish effects from
other non-targeted health
interventions, such as the
provision of potable water
Studies which have one or
more of the following
indicators as outcomes:
Children mortality where
the age is not specified
Maternal morbidity other
than SAMM
18 http://data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications/country-and-lending-groups