Focus On Lighting Photos Focus on the Fundamentals.pdf

protection and rigidity. Cuts
easily. Available in white, used
frequently as a reflector, and
black, used as a gobo.
Fome-Cor: Trade name for
foam board.
Framed Diffusers: Items that
will spread and enlarge light.
Made with diffusion material
attached to a frame of wood
or plastic plumbing pipe.
Both are rigid; plastic pipe
allows disassembly for greater
portability in video, where
continuous sources are
required.
Gaffer Tape: Strong cloth
pressure-sensitive tape. It offers
excellent adhesion and removes
more cleanly than duct tape.
Gel: A thin colored transparent
sheet used over a flash. Usually
used for both color correction
and dramatic color shifting, we
also use pure white for diffusion,
transparent gray for neutral
density.
Gobo: A piece of board that
blocks light from striking the lens
or restricts light from striking an
item in a photograph.
Grid: An assembly of short,
small hexagonal or cylindrical
black tubes that cover the front
of a light source to restrict the
spread of light.
Guide Number: The guide
number divided by the distance to
the subject tells us the aperture.
We have to determine the
guide number for each flash.
Almost obsolete because of the
intelligence of today’s camera
and flash, it may still be worth
learning about; it’s extremely
accurate when the intelligent
misjudges.
Hair Light: A light used to
brighten the hair. May be a
silver reflector, but more often
it is a flash used in conjunction
with a softbox, grid, or umbrella.
Hatchet <strong>Lighting</strong>: <strong>Lighting</strong>
style where the light source
comes from the side of a subject.
Also called split lighting. Can
accentuate skin texture, but
can also produce dramatic
images.
Haze: Caused by dirty air and
ultraviolet light. It obscures
detail in the distance of a scene.
Depending on the scene, this
can be a good or bad thing: it
obscures detail but increases the
sense of distance.
HDRI: See High Dynamic Range
Imaging.
High Dynamic Range
Imaging: Known as HRD or
HDRI, involves taking a series of
images from the same viewpoint
with different exposures, which
we combine into a single image.
Useful when faced with a scene
that has a bigger range of light
levels than the camera can
accommodate without losing
detail in either the highlight,
shadow, or both.
High Key: Images with light
backgrounds. In portraiture, the
people usually wear light-colored
clothing.
Histogram: A bar chart
showing the range of tones in
an image, with the dark tones
on the left and the light tones
on the right. The height of each
bar represents how much of
that tone is in the image. (In an
unmanipulated image, the bars
are so close together that they
appear to be continuous.) A look
at the histogram helps to adjust
exposure. Many histograms show
tonal values from the darkest to
the lightest areas, but not always.
A dark scene has most of the
bars on the left of the graph,
whereas a light scene has most of
the bars on the right. This gives
us the opportunity to manipulate
exposure for better image quality.
Glossary 189