Targets IMage Energy Regional (TIMER) Model, Technical ...

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page 146 of 188 RIVM report 461502024 62 : Now, the simulated regional and global energy-industry related emissions of SO 2 (including the bunker emissions) were compared with the regional SO 2 emissions databases of Smith HWDO(2000) and Lefohn HWDO(1999) (see )LJXUHV and ). The simulated global energy-and industry related SO 2 emissions for the period 1980 to 2000 differ from the global estimate of Smith HWDO(2000) with only about +2-3% for the time period 1990-2000 and up to +5% in earlier years. However, at a regional level the differences between emissions estimates between the TEM-model and the Smith HWDOdatabase increase, to 10-20% for some regions for the time period 1990-2000. Smith HWDOalready explainfor some regions the differences between their estimates and those of EDGAR (the underlying source for the emissions factors for our model). TgS/yr 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 Smith TEM(iea) TEM(timer) uea JOREDO62 55 50 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 time (years) )LJXUH 7KH JOREDO HQHUJ\ DQG LQGXVWU\ UHODWHG HPLVVLRQV RI 62 LQFOXGLQJ EXQNHU HPLVVLRQV IRU WKH SHULRG IRU WKH L 6PLWK HW DO GDWD DQG WKH 7(0 VLPXODWHGGDWDXVLQJWKHHQHUJ\SURGXFWLRQDQGFRQVXPSWLRQGDWDRIWKHLL,($VWDWLVWLFVDQG LLL7,0(5PRGHODQGWKH8($GDWD8QLYHUVLW\RI(DVW$QJOLD /LQNDJHVRIWKH(QHUJ\,QGXVWU\6\VWHP(,6ZLWKUHVWRI,0$*( In the Atmospheric chemistry <strong>Model</strong> and the Carbon cycle model of IMAGE 2.2, emissions from the <strong>Energy</strong>-Industry model are added to land-use related emissions of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases coming from the Land Emissions model (including all emissions from traditional biofuels and any CO 2 related to production and use of modern biofuels); the model then computes the resulting atmospheric concentrations.
RIVM report 461502024 page 147 of 188 'LUHFWLRQVIRUIXWXUH5HVHDUFK In co-operation with the TNO-MEP, the TEM model will be extended with more specific methodologies for emission reduction costs and potentials for emissions of the substances NO x and SO 2 and greenhouse gases. In first instance, the focus will be on end-of-pipe emission reduction technologies and the associated costs curves, especially to mitigate the emissions of NO x and SO 2 . These options will be important to identify joint strategies to control regional air pollution and climate change. Also more generic measures such as speed limits for high way traffic and building codes (volume and intensity developments), as well as present policies and autonomous developments will be included in the model to improve the different scenarios. This will lead to developments of emission factor values over time as a result of the emission reduction options. Next also and-of-pipe mitigation options as well as its costs curves for controlling the emissions of the major greenhouse gases will be included.
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