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Purpose and methodologies used This review seeks to draw on the experiences of multiple stakeholder agricultural innovation approaches in the context of IAR4D in guiding a research agenda, subsequent knowledge generation and its use in improving food security and nutrition, reducing poverty and generating cash incomes for resource-poor farmers. The report draws on a range of case studies across SSA to compare and contrast the reasons for success from which lessons can be learned. The key tasks undertaken to identify the lessons for successful innovation were: • Identification and analysis of a range of successful applications of multiple stakeholder approaches, learning lessons and establishing the reasons for success through comparative analysis. The case studies selected include those initiated by FARA in its SSA CP PLS as well as other planned and opportunity-driven innovations • Review of available literature on each case study • Discussions with stakeholders and other key informants associated with the case studies • Comparative analysis of the challenges addressed, institutional arrangements and stakeholder interaction, the benefits arising (including production development or added value to products) and, where possible, the number of beneficiaries • Identification of the technological, policy and institutional innovations that fostered the success stories • Critical review of the successes, their outcomes, and lessons learned. A total of 21 case studies, six in Eastern Africa, eight in Southern Africa and seven in West Africa included six funded under FARA’s SSA CP were used. Selection was based on a representative sample across the three sub-regions and included: • Traditional sectors, including subsistence crops – sometimes processed • Niche sectors, including specialist crops • Sectors integrated with global markets through export commodities • Sectors offering large employment opportunities for the poor, aimed at either local or export commodities. In many cases more than one of these sectors was applicable. Other factors included: intensifying staple food production and developing processing techniques; integrating people and the environment; developing local organisations; establishing of public–private 18 Agricultural Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa
Table 3: Innovation case study characterisation Region Country Commodity Innovation types Planned or Approx. no. Operational Opportunity of farmers Level a Institutional Technical Policy driven Stage reached involved Ethiopia Coffee 2,3 District x x Opportunity Sustainability 87,000 Kenya Dairy 1,3 National x x x Planned Sustainability 1,500,000 Eastern Horticulture 3,4 National x x Opportunity Sustainability 20,000 Africa Sweet potatoes 1,3 National x x x Planned Assessment 3,000 Rwanda Climbing beans 1,5 National / District x x Opportunity Assessment 50,000 Uganda Dairy 1,3 National x x x Planned Sustainability 1,200,000 Botswana Beef cattle 1,3 National x x x Opportunity Sustainability 250,000 Malawi Cotton 3,4 National x x Opportunity Sustainability 200,000 Groundnuts 1,4 District x x x Opportunity Sustainability 3,000 Legume seed 1 National x x Planned Assessment 150,000 Southern Africa Conservation agriculture - District x x Planned Assessment 3,000 maize and tomatoes 1,5 Soil fertility -maize and District x x x Planned Assessment 3,000 legumes 1.5 Vegetables 1,2,5 District x x Planned Assessment 3,0000 Zambia Conservation agriculture – maize, cotton and legumes 1 National x x x Planned Sustainability 175,000 West Africa Cameroon Bananas 3 National x x x Planned Sustainability 10,000 Garlic ,2,3 District x x Planned Sustainability 3,000 Ghana Pineapples 3,4 National x x x Planned Sustainability 15,000 Cassava 1 National x x Opportunity Assessment 5,800 Niger Vegetables 1,2,5 District x x x Planned Assessment 2,500 Nigeria Cassava 1 National x x x Opportunity Assessment 150,000 Rice 1,5 District x x x Planned Assessment 20,000 1 Traditional crop, 2 Niche crop, 3 Export commodity, 4 High labour input, 5 FARA SSA CP pilot learning site a District is used generically to mean County, District or other name for Local Government Purpose and methodologies used 19
Page 1 and 2: Agricultural Innovation in Sub-Saha
Page 3 and 4: Agricultural Innovation in Sub-Saha
Page 5 and 6: Contents Acknowledgements 1 Forewor
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements This review examin
Page 9 and 10: Foreword Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) f
Page 11 and 12: • Traditional sectors including s
Page 13 and 14: • An IP comprised of partner orga
Page 15 and 16: Innovation approaches and intervent
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1: A typical agricultural co
Page 19 and 20: Table 2: Elements and characteristi
Page 21 and 22: Integrated agricultural research fo
Page 23: Figure 2: Conceptual framework for
Page 27 and 28: THE CASE STUDIES Eastern Africa Sou
Page 29 and 30: Interventions and the roles of diff
Page 31 and 32: including policy, production, marke
Page 33 and 34: Achievements. The evolution of the
Page 35 and 36: value chain from producers through
Page 37 and 38: • Transport is handled by private
Page 39 and 40: major consumers of export vegetable
Page 41 and 42: • Policy: A National Horticulture
Page 43 and 44: Lessons that militate against scali
Page 45 and 46: Activities contributing to the late
Page 47 and 48: When a new Government took over in
Page 49 and 50: mini dairies in the country selling
Page 51 and 52: (BCPA), an association representing
Page 53 and 54: smallholder farmers in the Shire Va
Page 55 and 56: Malawi, overcoming market challenge
Page 57 and 58: Box 4: NASFAM structure The Nationa
Page 59 and 60: Malawi, Increasing the availability
Page 61 and 62: pre-breeders seed to be released by
Page 63 and 64: commitments. The high price of inpu
Page 65 and 66: and improving NRM. As such, the IP
Page 67 and 68: large-scale farmers but also for sm
Page 69 and 70: West Africa Cameroon, production an
Page 71 and 72: indirectly involved in the industry
Page 73 and 74: household incomes have risen by an
Page 75 and 76:
Other key interventions provided by
Page 77 and 78:
Initial challenges. The key challen
Page 79 and 80:
environment and incentives for prod
Page 81 and 82:
Lessons learned. Successful innovat
Page 83 and 84:
(Nigeria First, 2005). PICPE brough
Page 85 and 86:
human foods, future expansion will
Page 87 and 88:
Activities have included: analysis
Page 89 and 90:
poor road access, lack of power and
Page 91 and 92:
Institutions Markets Support servic
Page 93 and 94:
Table 5: Coordinating roles at the
Page 95 and 96:
mite and the viruses that cause cas
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 6: Private sector roles Priv
Page 99 and 100:
With regards to research, there is
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 8: Consequences of stakehold
Page 103 and 104:
Before Innovation After innovation
Page 105 and 106:
cooperation, builds trust, and esta
Page 107 and 108:
laboratories as well as effective b
Page 109 and 110:
Improving access to information, kn
Page 111 and 112:
Annexes Regions, authors and case s
Page 113 and 114:
Kenya’s dairy sector Organisation
Page 115 and 116:
Kenya’s horticulture with special
Page 117 and 118:
Uganda’s dairy industry Organisat
Page 119 and 120:
Malawi, building public-private par
Page 121 and 122:
Malawi, increasing the availability
Page 123 and 124:
Zambia’s conservation agriculture
Page 125 and 126:
Cameroon’s garlic industry Organi
Page 127 and 128:
Ghana’s growing cassava sector Or
Page 129 and 130:
Nigeria’s cassava production and
Page 131 and 132:
Annex 2: The role of the public sec
Page 133 and 134:
Policy and regulatory framework Uga
Page 135 and 136:
Policy and regulatory framework Inf
Page 137 and 138:
Ghana’s growing cassava sector Pr
Page 139 and 140:
Main types of interaction Consequen
Page 141 and 142:
Southern Africa Main types of inter
Page 143 and 144:
West Africa Main types of interacti
Page 145 and 146:
Main types of interaction Consequen
Page 147 and 148:
FAOSTAT. (2010) Food and Agricultur
Page 149 and 150:
Century and Beyond. Republic of Ken
Page 151 and 152:
Acronyms and abbreviations AAK ABU
Page 153 and 154:
EARO EC ECABREN ECGPEA ECX EAPGREN
Page 155 and 156:
LGA MAAIF MAHUDE MAL MBS M&E MARD M
Page 157:
SHEPUP SHoMAP SIDA SOFECSA SPDC SPE
Page 160:
Forum for Agricultural Research in
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