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Appropriate Rural Development Agriculture Program (ARDAP), Majasio Human Development, (MAHUDE) and Farm Concern International. Different stakeholders along the OFSP product value chain include farmers, seed multipliers, market traders, extension agents, processors, media, and community based organisations. Promotion of sweet potato now occurs country wide, with greatest activity in Western Kenya. KARI and CIP continue to undertake research in developing new varieties, to obtain combinations of dry matter, β-carotene, disease and pest resistance with appropriate yield and taste attributes. The Mama SASHA Project (2009–14), a component of CIP’s sweet potato activities, links health with agriculture, targeting women who require pre-natal care. Such women are provided with vouchers at clinics for obtaining sweet potato planting material. The vouchers are exchanged with farmers for six-kilogram starter packs of sweet potato vines. The farmers are then reimbursed at about two US dollars for each six-kilogram pack distributed. In the first four months of distribution, 836 women received vouchers from four health facilities, with more than 500 vouchers being redeemed vine starter packs. Follow-up visits to the homes of 216 women found that 81 percent of them had planted the vines (DONATA, 2011). Dissemination of New Agricultural Technologies in Africa (DONATA), a network supported by FARA enhancing the uptake and adoption of the OFSP technologies, in Kenya Ethiopia, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda, has been using an IP approach since 2008. Two IPs have been formed each with its own institutional arrangements to support the up-scaling process (DONATA, 2011). An NGO, Farm Concern International has initiated sweet potato promotions in Nairobi grocery stores to assist in developing the urban market for OFSP. The public sector, private sector, NGOs and farmer groups have all played key roles in the success of OFSP including the following: • Approval and funding by the public sector of research and development agenda from various players, and registration of NGO efforts • KARI and CIP spearheading the research effort into the development of the OFSP, fine tuning of technologies and quality control • The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) and various NGOs are part of innovation platforms in western Kenya with the MoA being responsible for technology dissemination and up-scaling in the innovation platforms • Farmers link up through the SASHA project to provide planting material although commercial multiplication remains to be achieved • Private traders purchase the crop where commercialisation has taken root, like in Kabondo in South Nyanza and in Busia and Bungoma in Western Province. Concern International also links traders to markets. Several cottage industries process sweet potatoes with Busia Farmers’ Training Institute, a government organisation, training farmers in many aspects of sweet potato utilisation • Financing of the enterprises is by private arrangements, other than in the SASHA project which funds the purchase of planting material for mothers in pre-natal stage 30 Agricultural Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Transport is handled by private traders, who also engage in marketing and market information • NGOs like CREADIS, REFSO, ARDAP, and MAHUDE have been involved in coordination of activities and mobilisation of community groups, documentation of activities and outcomes, coordination of planting material multiplication and postharvest processing • Representatives of groups handle their interests in the innovation platforms. Achievements. Many stakeholders are now involved with sweet potato. There are over 2000 varieties grown with different attributes and research work is still on going. The DONATA network has made an important contribution in planting material multiplication, training on production and utilisation, and promotion activities. About 880 farmers have directly participated in the multiplication and distribution of planting material and by the end of 2010; about 2660 end users had received planting material. The project has trained 48 trainers on OFSP agronomy and vine multiplication and 37 trainers on postharvest processing. The trained trainers later reached a total of 653 farmers (550 farmers on agronomy), postharvest processing (71) and business skills (32). The project also trained 24 MoA extension staff on business skills. One OFSP processor (Mukunya, 2011) indicates that a market has finally been established and according to one farmer representative (Agri-Hub Kenya, 2011) there are approximately 7000 farm households in southern Nyanza producing local varieties, and will be willing to produce if assured of market contracts. Farmers have been organised into around 40 producer groups with umbrella marketing cooperatives. The area produces over 50 percent of the country’s sweet potatoes and is therefore a potential supplier for the emerging market. Achievements of the research and development efforts are acknowledged, yet the major reason for the development of the OFSP, the contribution of the β-carotene health attribute is still unknown. Many users of OFSP flour including homes that care for HIV/AIDS sufferers indicate positive outcomes, although this is yet to be scientifically studied. Emerging or unresolved challenges. The demand for OFSP is now outstripping supply: “We have been selling OFSP flour for a few years now and all of a sudden farmers are not finding the varieties interesting enough (for their pockets) and just as the market looks ripe for growth, the tuber is nowhere to be found” (Mukunya, 2011). Commercialisation of the sweet potato is still in the intermediate phase, where the suppliers, traders and consumers have not yet established a stable value chain, despite several initiatives in the crop in the country. Attempts to develop varieties that are resistant to the potato weevil have not yet been successful. Mitigation of weevil damage includes use of short-season varieties and deeper storage of roots. Lessons learned. Production of the OFSP or other commodities grown by smallholders who are participating in group initiatives can be successful if there are contract markets to provide the stability for increasing production. It also requires support for breeding, production and utilisation. Greater involvement of nutrition research activities may have contributed even more to the ongoing success. The case studies: Eastern Africa 31
Page 1 and 2: Agricultural Innovation in Sub-Saha
Page 3 and 4: Agricultural Innovation in Sub-Saha
Page 5 and 6: Contents Acknowledgements 1 Forewor
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements This review examin
Page 9 and 10: Foreword Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) f
Page 11 and 12: • Traditional sectors including s
Page 13 and 14: • An IP comprised of partner orga
Page 15 and 16: Innovation approaches and intervent
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1: A typical agricultural co
Page 19 and 20: Table 2: Elements and characteristi
Page 21 and 22: Integrated agricultural research fo
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2: Conceptual framework for
Page 25 and 26: Table 3: Innovation case study char
Page 27 and 28: THE CASE STUDIES Eastern Africa Sou
Page 29 and 30: Interventions and the roles of diff
Page 31 and 32: including policy, production, marke
Page 33 and 34: Achievements. The evolution of the
Page 35: value chain from producers through
Page 39 and 40: major consumers of export vegetable
Page 41 and 42: • Policy: A National Horticulture
Page 43 and 44: Lessons that militate against scali
Page 45 and 46: Activities contributing to the late
Page 47 and 48: When a new Government took over in
Page 49 and 50: mini dairies in the country selling
Page 51 and 52: (BCPA), an association representing
Page 53 and 54: smallholder farmers in the Shire Va
Page 55 and 56: Malawi, overcoming market challenge
Page 57 and 58: Box 4: NASFAM structure The Nationa
Page 59 and 60: Malawi, Increasing the availability
Page 61 and 62: pre-breeders seed to be released by
Page 63 and 64: commitments. The high price of inpu
Page 65 and 66: and improving NRM. As such, the IP
Page 67 and 68: large-scale farmers but also for sm
Page 69 and 70: West Africa Cameroon, production an
Page 71 and 72: indirectly involved in the industry
Page 73 and 74: household incomes have risen by an
Page 75 and 76: Other key interventions provided by
Page 77 and 78: Initial challenges. The key challen
Page 79 and 80: environment and incentives for prod
Page 81 and 82: Lessons learned. Successful innovat
Page 83 and 84: (Nigeria First, 2005). PICPE brough
Page 85 and 86: human foods, future expansion will
Page 87 and 88:
Activities have included: analysis
Page 89 and 90:
poor road access, lack of power and
Page 91 and 92:
Institutions Markets Support servic
Page 93 and 94:
Table 5: Coordinating roles at the
Page 95 and 96:
mite and the viruses that cause cas
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 6: Private sector roles Priv
Page 99 and 100:
With regards to research, there is
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 8: Consequences of stakehold
Page 103 and 104:
Before Innovation After innovation
Page 105 and 106:
cooperation, builds trust, and esta
Page 107 and 108:
laboratories as well as effective b
Page 109 and 110:
Improving access to information, kn
Page 111 and 112:
Annexes Regions, authors and case s
Page 113 and 114:
Kenya’s dairy sector Organisation
Page 115 and 116:
Kenya’s horticulture with special
Page 117 and 118:
Uganda’s dairy industry Organisat
Page 119 and 120:
Malawi, building public-private par
Page 121 and 122:
Malawi, increasing the availability
Page 123 and 124:
Zambia’s conservation agriculture
Page 125 and 126:
Cameroon’s garlic industry Organi
Page 127 and 128:
Ghana’s growing cassava sector Or
Page 129 and 130:
Nigeria’s cassava production and
Page 131 and 132:
Annex 2: The role of the public sec
Page 133 and 134:
Policy and regulatory framework Uga
Page 135 and 136:
Policy and regulatory framework Inf
Page 137 and 138:
Ghana’s growing cassava sector Pr
Page 139 and 140:
Main types of interaction Consequen
Page 141 and 142:
Southern Africa Main types of inter
Page 143 and 144:
West Africa Main types of interacti
Page 145 and 146:
Main types of interaction Consequen
Page 147 and 148:
FAOSTAT. (2010) Food and Agricultur
Page 149 and 150:
Century and Beyond. Republic of Ken
Page 151 and 152:
Acronyms and abbreviations AAK ABU
Page 153 and 154:
EARO EC ECABREN ECGPEA ECX EAPGREN
Page 155 and 156:
LGA MAAIF MAHUDE MAL MBS M&E MARD M
Page 157:
SHEPUP SHoMAP SIDA SOFECSA SPDC SPE
Page 160:
Forum for Agricultural Research in
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