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partnerships; expand<strong>in</strong>g the role of markets: diversify<strong>in</strong>g from major cereals, root and tubers;<br />
reform<strong>in</strong>g economy-wide policies; improv<strong>in</strong>g food quality and human nutrition.<br />
Most of the crops <strong>in</strong> the case studies had been grown traditionally, either as a staple or on<br />
a small scale for local consumption. In many cases opportunities for process<strong>in</strong>g had been<br />
identified and developed for consumption <strong>in</strong> either domestic or export markets. In most<br />
cases the entry po<strong>in</strong>t was the commodity, although <strong>in</strong> Southern Africa concerns about the<br />
susta<strong>in</strong>ability of production methods resulted <strong>in</strong> NRM be<strong>in</strong>g the focus <strong>in</strong> three case studies.<br />
Four cases of high-value niche crops, a specialist coffee, garlic, and two vegetables showed<br />
that development of both local and export markets were able to benefit producers. Three case<br />
studies concerned livestock, two dairy<strong>in</strong>g and one beef cattle. Two case studies illustrated the<br />
importance of employment opportunities for large numbers of poor people. Public–private<br />
partnerships, policy changes and the development of local organisations were important<br />
factors <strong>in</strong> most of the cases.<br />
Researchers familiar with each region undertook the assessments collect<strong>in</strong>g data primarily<br />
through <strong>in</strong>terviews with key <strong>in</strong>formants <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g farmers, researchers, extension workers,<br />
private companies, NGOs, coord<strong>in</strong>at<strong>in</strong>g organisations, and government m<strong>in</strong>istries. Each case<br />
study has been summarised. Annex 1 provides detail of stakeholder roles dur<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>in</strong>novation<br />
process, Annex 2 the specific role of the public sector and Annex 3 the key <strong>in</strong>teractions that<br />
supported the <strong>in</strong>novation activities.<br />
20 Agricultural Innovation <strong>in</strong> Sub-Saharan Africa