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Looking to the future 100. Challenges 100 Lessons 101. Implications for integrated agricultural research for development 103 Annexes 105 Annex 1: Stakeholder roles 106 Annex 2: The role of the public sector in supporting innovation 125 Annex 3: Key interactions that supported innovation activities 132 References 140 Aronyms 145 Tables Table 1: Typical public and private sector actors involved in innovation. 11 Table 2: Elements and characteristics of public and private sector initiated innovation 13 Table 3: Innovation case study characterisation 19 Table 4: Challenges identified in each case study 84 Table 5: Coordinating roles at the start and end of the innovation process 87 Table 6: Public sector roles in each case study 89 Table 7: Private sector roles in each case study 93 Table 8: Context ranking before and after innovation for each case study 96 Table 9: Facilitating and inhibiting factors and key interventions that enabled innovation 98 Figures Figure 1: A typical agricultural commodity value chain 11 Figure 2: Conceptual framework for IP approach, establishment and functioning 17 Figure 3: Challenges identified 83 Figure 4: Coordinating bodies at the start and end of the innovation process 88 Figure 5: Public sector roles 90 Figure 6: Private sector roles 91 Figure 7: Issues addressed during stakeholder interactions 94 Figure 8: Consequences of stakeholder interactions 95 Figure 9: Key enabling factors contributing before and after innovation 96 Boxes Box 1: CAADP/FARA-related research reforms in Africa 10 Box 2: Types of innovation 12 Box 3: Typical interventions at each phase of the innovation process 16 Box 4: NASFAM structure 51
Acknowledgements This review examines the experiences of 21 case studies covering a wide range of African farming systems over broad geographic and historical landscapes. Each case study was reviewed by accessing and analysing existing data sources, published material and grey literature. It also involved important consultation with stakeholders in each country. We would therefore like to acknowledge the input of the numerous individuals including policy makers, researchers, operational project personnel, civil society organisations, farmers, and private agri-business groups who provided their valuable time both in sharing their experiences, reviewing preliminary case-study findings and helping us to distil the key lessons emerging from the review. For each region we would like to acknowledge the input provided for each case study. Eastern Africa Ethiopia’s Sidama Coffee: T Anebo (Sidama Coffee Farmers’ Cooperative Union), F Gelaw (Haramaya University), K Tadesse (Ethiopian Development Research Institute), F Amenu (Ministry of Agriculture), YG Kidan (Ethiopian Coffee Growers, Producers and Exporters Association) and W Fikru (Ethiopia Commodity Exchange) Kenya’s Dairy Industry: S Matoke and M Mwambia (Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development) and the dairy farmers of Limuru and Kibichiku Kenya, Sweet Potatoes: S Agili (International Potato Center ) and the farmers of Busia and Kabondo Kenya’s Horticulture with Special Focus on Vegetables: L Maina (Horticulture Section, Ministry of Agriculture), A Gitau, H Boswony, N Kamau and F Wepukhulu (Horticultural Crops Development Authority), and the vegetable farmers of Buuri and Kirinyaga Rwanda’s Climbing Beans: L Butare and F Murorunkwere (Institut des sciences agronomiques du Rwanda), G Ngerero (Rwanda Agricultural Development Authority) and the farmers of Musanze Innovation Platform Uganda’s Dairy Industry: J Asiimwe (Makerere University), I Muzira (Dairy Development Authority), M Makuru (Heifer Project International) and K Benon (Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries) Southern Africa Botswana’s Beef Sector: C Marshall (Botswana Meat Commission), C Hebst (Betta Beef cattle feedlot), C Nkgowe (Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture) and M Keogale (Agricultural Research and Development, Food and Natural Resources, Southern Africa Development Community) 1
Page 1 and 2: Agricultural Innovation in Sub-Saha
Page 3 and 4: Agricultural Innovation in Sub-Saha
Page 5: Contents Acknowledgements 1 Forewor
Page 9 and 10: Foreword Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) f
Page 11 and 12: • Traditional sectors including s
Page 13 and 14: • An IP comprised of partner orga
Page 15 and 16: Innovation approaches and intervent
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1: A typical agricultural co
Page 19 and 20: Table 2: Elements and characteristi
Page 21 and 22: Integrated agricultural research fo
Page 23 and 24: Figure 2: Conceptual framework for
Page 25 and 26: Table 3: Innovation case study char
Page 27 and 28: THE CASE STUDIES Eastern Africa Sou
Page 29 and 30: Interventions and the roles of diff
Page 31 and 32: including policy, production, marke
Page 33 and 34: Achievements. The evolution of the
Page 35 and 36: value chain from producers through
Page 37 and 38: • Transport is handled by private
Page 39 and 40: major consumers of export vegetable
Page 41 and 42: • Policy: A National Horticulture
Page 43 and 44: Lessons that militate against scali
Page 45 and 46: Activities contributing to the late
Page 47 and 48: When a new Government took over in
Page 49 and 50: mini dairies in the country selling
Page 51 and 52: (BCPA), an association representing
Page 53 and 54: smallholder farmers in the Shire Va
Page 55 and 56: Malawi, overcoming market challenge
Page 57 and 58:
Box 4: NASFAM structure The Nationa
Page 59 and 60:
Malawi, Increasing the availability
Page 61 and 62:
pre-breeders seed to be released by
Page 63 and 64:
commitments. The high price of inpu
Page 65 and 66:
and improving NRM. As such, the IP
Page 67 and 68:
large-scale farmers but also for sm
Page 69 and 70:
West Africa Cameroon, production an
Page 71 and 72:
indirectly involved in the industry
Page 73 and 74:
household incomes have risen by an
Page 75 and 76:
Other key interventions provided by
Page 77 and 78:
Initial challenges. The key challen
Page 79 and 80:
environment and incentives for prod
Page 81 and 82:
Lessons learned. Successful innovat
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(Nigeria First, 2005). PICPE brough
Page 85 and 86:
human foods, future expansion will
Page 87 and 88:
Activities have included: analysis
Page 89 and 90:
poor road access, lack of power and
Page 91 and 92:
Institutions Markets Support servic
Page 93 and 94:
Table 5: Coordinating roles at the
Page 95 and 96:
mite and the viruses that cause cas
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 6: Private sector roles Priv
Page 99 and 100:
With regards to research, there is
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 8: Consequences of stakehold
Page 103 and 104:
Before Innovation After innovation
Page 105 and 106:
cooperation, builds trust, and esta
Page 107 and 108:
laboratories as well as effective b
Page 109 and 110:
Improving access to information, kn
Page 111 and 112:
Annexes Regions, authors and case s
Page 113 and 114:
Kenya’s dairy sector Organisation
Page 115 and 116:
Kenya’s horticulture with special
Page 117 and 118:
Uganda’s dairy industry Organisat
Page 119 and 120:
Malawi, building public-private par
Page 121 and 122:
Malawi, increasing the availability
Page 123 and 124:
Zambia’s conservation agriculture
Page 125 and 126:
Cameroon’s garlic industry Organi
Page 127 and 128:
Ghana’s growing cassava sector Or
Page 129 and 130:
Nigeria’s cassava production and
Page 131 and 132:
Annex 2: The role of the public sec
Page 133 and 134:
Policy and regulatory framework Uga
Page 135 and 136:
Policy and regulatory framework Inf
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Ghana’s growing cassava sector Pr
Page 139 and 140:
Main types of interaction Consequen
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Southern Africa Main types of inter
Page 143 and 144:
West Africa Main types of interacti
Page 145 and 146:
Main types of interaction Consequen
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FAOSTAT. (2010) Food and Agricultur
Page 149 and 150:
Century and Beyond. Republic of Ken
Page 151 and 152:
Acronyms and abbreviations AAK ABU
Page 153 and 154:
EARO EC ECABREN ECGPEA ECX EAPGREN
Page 155 and 156:
LGA MAAIF MAHUDE MAL MBS M&E MARD M
Page 157:
SHEPUP SHoMAP SIDA SOFECSA SPDC SPE
Page 160:
Forum for Agricultural Research in
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