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• Concerns about high labour requirements and input costs including a lack of staking
materials for climbing beans (sticks are the strongest stakes but are susceptible to termite
damage and have many alternative uses)
• Poor market information and inadequate extension services.
Lessons learned for scaling up. The IPs supported by FARA offer an appropriate means
of integrating the concerns of stakeholders and identifying opportunities for value chain
improvement at both local and district levels.
Uganda’s dairy industry
The development of the dairy industry in Uganda
contrasts with that of Kenya’s dairy industry in that
organised milk marketing and processing only began
in Uganda during the 1960s, considerably later
than in Kenya. It grew until the unfortunate civil
crisis of the 1970s. However, the support of many
stakeholders over the past two decades has allowed
the industry’s recovery from near collapse. The
Dairy Master Plan of 1993 opened avenues for new
development, which involved a key policy change
from controlled to liberalised markets that encouraged increased production. Today,
production, consumption, processing, trading and related services are on the increase,
although a number of challenges remain the opportunity for expansion exists.
Initial context. Despite sharing a common colonial experience with Kenya, Uganda did not start
commercial milk production until the late 1950s. Organised milk marketing and processing in
Uganda began in the 1960s, with imports of fresh milk from Kenya (DDA, 2009). During this
period the Government expanded the number of high-yielding cattle through imports mainly
from Kenya but also from Europe, USA and Canada and by using local crossing to build disease
resistance into herds. As a result production expanded and milk imports from Kenya fell steadily
during the 1960s. Although the country already had an organised milk collection and distribution
system developed by a private company, Uganda Milk Processing Limited, in 1967 Government
sought to further the developing dairy industry by establishing a legal monopoly, a new parastatal,
the Dairy Corporation (DC), by Act of Parliament. The Act charged the new corporation with
responsibilities similar to those of the Kenya Cooperative Creameries in Kenya (KCC), including
the regulation of production, marketing, pricing, processing, manufacturing and distribution
of finished dairy products. By 1972 DC had established some 90 milk-collection centres across
Uganda’s major producing areas. However growth in the dairy industry collapsed during the civil
crisis that ravaged the country form 1971 to 1986. Dairy production suffered from rustling, a
decline in veterinary disease control and resurgence of animal trypanosomiasis. Public research
and extension and marketing also collapsed, forcing farmers into subsistence farming.
40 Agricultural Innovation in Sub-Saharan Africa