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CHAPTER FIVE: COMPARING US, RUSSIAN, AND CHINESE INFORMATION OPERATIONS CONCEPTS........................................... 74 Introduction..................................................................................................... 74 The United States ............................................................................................ 75 Russia ............................................................................................................... 77 China ................................................................................................................ 82 Conclusions...................................................................................................... 87 CHAPTER SIX: CHINESE AND AMERICAN NETWORK WARFARE89 Integrated Network-Electronic Warfare ...................................................... 90 Network-Centric Warfare.............................................................................. 95 Comparing the NCW and INEW .................................................................. 98 PART THREE: APPLICATIONS AND CASE STUDIES IN PEACE AND WAR............................................................................................................... 105 CHAPTER SEVEN: VIRTUAL PEACEMAKING: A MILITARY VIEW OF CONFLICT PREVENTION THROUGH THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY............................................................. 107 Introduction: What Is Virtual Peacemaking?............................................ 107 The Dayton Accords ..................................................................................... 109 What Is the Relationship between Military Methods (Combat and Peacetime) and Virtual Peacemaking?........................................................ 113 Is Virtual Peacemaking Applicable to the Current International Environment?................................................................................................ 115 What Information Technology Will Assist Us?.......................................... 122 Limitations and Problems ............................................................................ 126 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 129 CHAPTER EIGHT: KOSOVO AND THE CURRENT MYTH OF INFORMATION SUPERIORITY .............................................................. 133 What Is Information Superiority?............................................................... 134 NATO’s Information Superiority................................................................ 138 Battle Damage Assessment: What Do We Believe? ................................... 139 Asymmetric Offsets to Information Superiority ........................................ 145 Technological and Political Fixes................................................................. 148 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 149 CHAPTER NINE: “POLICEKEEPING” AND THE NEED FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES ......................................................... 153 Introduction................................................................................................... 153 New Peacemaking/Peacekeeping Model ..................................................... 153 2
IT Databases and Policekeeping ..................................................................155 Potential IT Military Uses ............................................................................157 IT Policekeeper Needs at the Tactical Level ...............................................160 Conclusions ....................................................................................................164 CHAPTER TEN: INFORMATION WARFARE IN THE SECOND (1999- PRESENT) RUSSIAN-CHECHEN WAR ..................................................166 Russia’s Understanding of IW and the Information Weapon...................166 The Use of the Information-Technical IW Aspect in Chechnya ...............171 Remotely Piloted Vehicles ..............................................................................171 Electronic Warfare .........................................................................................172 The Reconnaissance-Strike System ...............................................................177 The Use of Information-Psychological IW in Chechnya............................183 Information-Psychological Activities and the Media....................................183 Information-Psychological Activities and the Impact on the Soldier...........187 The Use of the Internet during the Chechen Conflict ................................190 Chechen Use of Information-Psychological Issues .....................................195 Conclusions ....................................................................................................198 PART FOUR: CYBER THREATS TO THE MIND .................................200 CHAPTER ELEVEN: THE CYBER THREAT ENVIRONMENT.........202 Introduction ...................................................................................................202 Background: Implications of the Switch to a Digitized Force...................203 Problem One: Understanding “Information-Based Intent”......................205 Problem Two: Software’s Cultural and Embedded Scenario Dimensions206 Problem Three: The Human Dimension .....................................................208 Is There a Need for a Military Software Science?......................................210 Conclusions ....................................................................................................210 CHAPTER TWELVE: THE AGE OF THE NEW PERSUADERS .......213 What is Manipulation? .................................................................................213 Manipulation in Bosnia.................................................................................215 Manipulation Devices....................................................................................220 Is Manipulation a Real Threat? ...................................................................225 Conclusions ....................................................................................................226 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: HUMAN NETWORK ATTACKS...................230 Chinese Nontraditional Practices.................................................................231 Strategic Culture and the Information Age ................................................234 IW's Relation to Psychological Operations.................................................236 Knowledge Warfare ......................................................................................237 3
Page 2: Cover: The cover highlights four st
Page 6 and 7: DEDICATION This book is dedicated t
Page 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 13 and 14: FOREWORD This book explores the imp
Page 15 and 16: INTRODUCTION This book examines the
Page 17 and 18: cultural awareness, psychological o
Page 19 and 20: PART ONE: UNDERSTANDING OUR CYBER E
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER ONE: ENGAGING CYBER OR INFO
Page 23 and 24: Jihad” listed the terms cyberatta
Page 25 and 26: screening methods were used to chec
Page 27 and 28: more than 194 million in China. But
Page 29 and 30: as armies do on the battlefield to
Page 31 and 32: date, military opponents have been
Page 33 and 34: usurp adversarial human and automat
Page 35 and 36: However, just as cyber activities h
Page 37 and 38: ought Keyhole and now offers free a
Page 39 and 40: The important point to underscore i
Page 41 and 42: that may or may not result in blood
Page 43 and 44: web allows an uncensored and unfilt
Page 45 and 46: The Internet can help a poorly fund
Page 47 and 48: audiences, while one set to use Ara
Page 49 and 50: of icons can change as well. Messag
Page 51 and 52: The Internet takes advantage of leg
Page 53 and 54: without physically meeting their fo
Page 55 and 56: conflict. It is a protracted politi
Page 57 and 58: Adaptive Insurgent Organization and
Page 59 and 60: It is clear that Osama bin Laden re
Page 61 and 62:
With no filter or censor, the Inter
Page 63 and 64:
was killed as a result. Public opin
Page 65 and 66:
material is visual as well as writt
Page 67 and 68:
PART TWO: TERMINOLOGY AND CONCEPTS
Page 69 and 70:
CHAPTER FOUR: IS THE IW PARADIGM OU
Page 71 and 72:
Webster’s is necessary. Secondly,
Page 73 and 74:
war.” 118 If the definition of wa
Page 75 and 76:
of near total “information superi
Page 77 and 78:
across broad geographical areas. Ho
Page 79 and 80:
mind, whether electronic, laser, or
Page 81 and 82:
necessarily mean that other nations
Page 83 and 84:
views network-centric operations in
Page 85 and 86:
making while protecting our own.”
Page 87 and 88:
telecommunication assets; and they
Page 89 and 90:
eligious propaganda aspect of IW. T
Page 91 and 92:
Mianheng, by the way, was reported
Page 93 and 94:
China’s networks according to som
Page 95 and 96:
• Form a psychological-warfare me
Page 97 and 98:
CHAPTER SIX: CHINESE AND AMERICAN N
Page 99 and 100:
military deception, and physical de
Page 101 and 102:
transformation is to emphasize both
Page 103 and 104:
Network-Centric Warfare Early in 20
Page 105 and 106:
latter perhaps mimicking the Americ
Page 107 and 108:
authors appeared to be describing w
Page 109 and 110:
• Overestimates man’s capacity
Page 111 and 112:
Cultures eventually produce metapho
Page 113 and 114:
PART THREE: APPLICATIONS AND CASE S
Page 115 and 116:
CHAPTER SEVEN: VIRTUAL PEACEMAKING:
Page 117 and 118:
The most important part of this def
Page 119 and 120:
warplanes were very capable of prec
Page 121 and 122:
advantage of contemporary technolog
Page 123 and 124:
• Communicate commitments to take
Page 125 and 126:
9. Crises can demonstrate the power
Page 127 and 128:
whether they realize it or not, thr
Page 129 and 130:
since many can help slow or prevent
Page 131 and 132:
Superimposing these three ideas on
Page 133 and 134:
5. Offer improved upgradeability fo
Page 135 and 136:
How nations learn to manage or leve
Page 137 and 138:
There are various scenarios through
Page 139 and 140:
There remains an entire series of q
Page 141 and 142:
CHAPTER EIGHT: KOSOVO AND THE CURRE
Page 143 and 144:
information while exploiting or den
Page 145 and 146:
can a real assessment of accuracy b
Page 147 and 148:
agreement less acceptable to Yugosl
Page 149 and 150:
In September, a Pentagon review of
Page 151 and 152:
damning comment could prove to be f
Page 153 and 154:
of support. The second objective wa
Page 155 and 156:
and logic. But the point to again b
Page 157 and 158:
It also will be interesting to watc
Page 159 and 160:
press and police headquarters, and
Page 161 and 162:
CHAPTER NINE: “POLICEKEEPING” A
Page 163 and 164:
Conflict. 270 It is still a year or
Page 165 and 166:
a virtual library and electronic pu
Page 167 and 168:
other hard-to-find structures. Know
Page 169 and 170:
Policekeepers would benefit greatly
Page 171 and 172:
IT also offers systems that create
Page 173 and 174:
• Developing an information block
Page 175 and 176:
human-based, data-processor compone
Page 177 and 178:
software by using special programmi
Page 179 and 180:
international and state control ove
Page 181 and 182:
a real disadvantage since its radar
Page 183 and 184:
forces. Their system’s ability to
Page 185 and 186:
and digital ortho-photomaps that we
Page 187 and 188:
One of the earliest definitions of
Page 189 and 190:
value of destroying targets with pr
Page 191 and 192:
The Use of Information-Psychologica
Page 193 and 194:
off a Russian prisoner. This film w
Page 195 and 196:
Russian infospace created to manipu
Page 197 and 198:
The Chechens were easily able to pr
Page 199 and 200:
One of the amino.com sites, for exa
Page 201 and 202:
Another site available is daimohk.o
Page 203 and 204:
How long the government’s picture
Page 205 and 206:
negating similar actions by Chechny
Page 207 and 208:
Russian armed forces cannot stall m
Page 209 and 210:
PART FOUR: CYBER THREATS TO THE MIN
Page 211 and 212:
initiated by the US. In this sense
Page 213 and 214:
Within this digitized context a sho
Page 215 and 216:
emained maddeningly undefinable, so
Page 217 and 218:
Another problem of the human dimens
Page 219 and 220:
worldwide may enter their own cultu
Page 221 and 222:
CHAPTER TWELVE: THE AGE OF THE NEW
Page 223 and 224:
as a weapon for conducting psycholo
Page 225 and 226:
Cease Fires Anytime there was a cha
Page 227 and 228:
companies try to persuade or manipu
Page 229 and 230:
These devices are associated with t
Page 231 and 232:
the Soviets wanted to only shoot do
Page 233 and 234:
down the bodily functions of more t
Page 235 and 236:
TV reporting to avert a panic while
Page 237 and 238:
229
Page 239 and 240:
wealth of outstanding mathematician
Page 241 and 242:
switching on air defense radars, or
Page 243 and 244:
Upon closer analysis, the “not fi
Page 245 and 246:
Today, simulation, stealth, and var
Page 247 and 248:
impact of what they term “new-con
Page 249 and 250:
Thus, an information weapon could b
Page 251 and 252:
operations on a strategic scale. Th
Page 253 and 254:
opponent to “see through” an RC
Page 255 and 256:
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: RUSSIA’S REFLEX
Page 257 and 258:
The Soviet and Russian armed forces
Page 259 and 260:
method or technology of obtaining,
Page 261 and 262:
possible to influence his combat pl
Page 263 and 264:
maneuvers, weapons tests, denying e
Page 265 and 266:
Computer technology increases the e
Page 267 and 268:
econsider the wisdom of his decisio
Page 269 and 270:
(5) transfer of an image of one’s
Page 271 and 272:
might try to overpower them. 483 Th
Page 273 and 274:
control against a state, and inform
Page 275 and 276:
PART FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND APPENDIX
Page 277 and 278:
oadband migration. These are the de
Page 279 and 280:
technical developments that are pro
Page 281 and 282:
software 491 for peacekeeping utili
Page 283 and 284:
attack against Arab and Muslim righ
Page 285 and 286:
Structurally the brigade has three
Page 287 and 288:
War. 507 Thus the situational setti
Page 289 and 290:
enabling network-centric operations
Page 291 and 292:
While it is good to have people wit
Page 293 and 294:
fact. 518 It is this focus on cultu
Page 295 and 296:
C4ISR technology to ensure that the
Page 297 and 298:
289
Page 299 and 300:
1999 “Information Technology: US/
Page 301 and 302:
APPENDIX TWO: DECIPHERING ASYMMETRY
Page 303 and 304:
The term apparently assumes whateve
Page 305 and 306:
something new, he reminds us, notin
Page 307 and 308:
intelligence capability. In the cit
Page 309 and 310:
“singing in the rain,” then dec
Page 311 and 312:
the attack. Law enforcement agencie
Page 313 and 314:
Cybercrime is a more accurate defin
Page 315 and 316:
computers. The process can be made
Page 317 and 318:
them. This device is composed of a
Page 319 and 320:
technology to investigate and estab
Page 321 and 322:
e stored and/or through which data
Page 323 and 324:
2. European Union - This is an orga
Page 325 and 326:
enforcement as another avenue for p
Page 327 and 328:
transferred to a physical medium su
Page 329 and 330:
sectors as bad. A person wanting to
Page 331 and 332:
• Compressing/Decompressing Files
Page 333 and 334:
contain evidence are mail servers,
Page 335 and 336:
FBI created a partnership program w
Page 337 and 338:
• Subpoenas - These must be obtai
Page 339 and 340:
search warrants for email, and dete
Page 341 and 342:
originating from country X, law enf
Page 343 and 344:
system is globally distributed and
Page 345:
About the author: Timothy L. Thomas
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