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Nezavisimaya Gazeta [Independent Newspaper] has a website that includes a “Severniy Kavkaz: Khronika Konflikta” [The North Caucasus: Chronicle of the Conflict] section that is good for current events in the area. The Infocentre site is apparently operated by the Ministry for Press, Television, Radio Broadcasting, and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation. It contains a “Chronicle of the Day” section that explains in great detail (with photos) the day’s events in Chechnya, and it is recommended as an excellent site for understanding the Russian perception of the war. Another Russian site dedicated to the war is Chechnya.ru. According to the newspaper Kommersant [Business], the site was created on 14 December 2001 by the Moscow-backed Chechen government and the Kremlin-connected strana.ru website. Presidential aide Sergey Yastrzhembsky noted that the site would provide positive information on Chechnya to the Russian populace. Sponsors of the site include three websites—utro.ru (an Internet newspaper founded by RosBiznesKonsalting), gamma.ru (Gamma Internet Service Provider), and porta.ru (Webcom Company affiliated with the porta.ru e- commerce site). The site has eleven sections: The Latest News, Maps of the Republic, The War in Chechnya, The Genocide of the Population, Opinion, Community, Anti-Terrorism, Services, Our Neighbors, Our Colleagues, and Our Sponsors. 354 The website kavkaz.strana.ru is a pro-Moscow Chechen government (recognized by Moscow) website. The story was quite different on the Chechen side of the conflict where several websites are directed either specifically at the war in Chechnya or anywhere Jihad is taking place. These sites included, but were not limited to, chechentimes.com, kavkaz.org, and amina.com. The website qoqaz.net, another and perhaps the most popular site for showing atrocities, was renamed at some point between September 2000 and April of 2002. It is now called Assam Publications. The website has links to “azzam.com” and a section on Jihad in general that includes news, fatwa, photos, videos, and so on. Other links include “jihad in Chechnya” and “jihad in Afghanistan.” Features of a download from 16 April 2002 included “Women of Afghanistan”—a section on the Chechen view of the suffering of the women of Afghanistan under the new US-propped regime and “Children of Iraq”—an exclusive feature on the children of Iraq who were being slaughtered by American terrorists, according to the website. Thus the website clearly has an anti-Russian and anti-Western tone. 354 “Assessment of Chechnya.ru,” downloaded from the FBIS website on 8 January 2002. 192
Another site available is daimohk.org belonging to the Chechen news agency Daymohk. 355 Chechen President Maskhadov reportedly has opened sites called chechengovernment.com, ichkeria.com and noakhchi.com. The purpose of these sites is to distance him and his associates from some of the more violent images and activities shown on the net. Another source indicates that Maskhadov’s personal site is chechenpress.com. A newspaper that has a website used for Chechen purposes is kvestnik.org or Kavkazsky Vestnik [Caucasus Herald] from the Council of the Caucasus Journalists. In November of 2001, the Russian site Utro.ru discussed a recent edition of the paper, noting that it published a hit list of 134 Chechen collaborators. Most of those named were policemen or village administrators. Main Chechen ideologist Movladi Udugov, who reportedly also opposes Chechen President Maskhadov and believes real power lies with Shamil Basayev and Khattab, prepared the report. The latter has since been confirmed dead, so this power arrangement will undoubtedly change. Mayrbek Taramov heads the paper. Both Taramov and Udugov fled the republic when the war started and set up shop in Georgia and Azerbaijan. The paper was initially (March 1997) called Islamskiy Poryadok [Islamic Order], a group headed by Udugov. In 1998, the paper was called Islamskaya Natsiya [Islamic Nation] and Put Islama [Path of Islam]. From January 1999, it was called Kavkazskiy Vestnik [Caucasus Herald], a supplement to the paper Kavkazskaya Konfederatsiya [Caucasus Confederation]. The paper’s title came from the 1942 fascist occupation of the North Caucasus, a title used by Goebbles. 356 Other websites with additional listings about the war are worth viewing. The Internet site www.amina.com has a series of listings worthy of consideration. These sites include not only information about the war, but also about Chechen culture. Some are from pure Chechen sources while others are from a variety of sources (Russian, Western, Chechen, etc.): amina.com/audio–for Chechen music and audio files chechenpress.com–the Chechen News Agency (Russian language) chechen.org–Press Center of the Chechen Republic Ichkeria (Russian language) groups.yahoo.com/group/chechnya-s–mailing list devoted to the current situation in Chechnya 355 Internet Kavkaz-Tsentr News Agency, 0553 GMT 4 December 2001, as translated and downloaded from the FBIS website on 4 December 2001. 356 Oleg Petrovskiy, “Maskhadov will Find Himself on Hit List,” Moscow Utro.ru, 1 November 2001 as translated and downloaded from the FBIS website on 1 November 2001. 193
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Cover: The cover highlights four st
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DEDICATION This book is dedicated t
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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IT Databases and Policekeeping ....
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FOREWORD This book explores the imp
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INTRODUCTION This book examines the
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cultural awareness, psychological o
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PART ONE: UNDERSTANDING OUR CYBER E
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CHAPTER ONE: ENGAGING CYBER OR INFO
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Jihad” listed the terms cyberatta
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screening methods were used to chec
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more than 194 million in China. But
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as armies do on the battlefield to
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date, military opponents have been
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usurp adversarial human and automat
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However, just as cyber activities h
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ought Keyhole and now offers free a
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The important point to underscore i
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that may or may not result in blood
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web allows an uncensored and unfilt
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The Internet can help a poorly fund
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audiences, while one set to use Ara
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of icons can change as well. Messag
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The Internet takes advantage of leg
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without physically meeting their fo
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conflict. It is a protracted politi
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Adaptive Insurgent Organization and
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It is clear that Osama bin Laden re
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With no filter or censor, the Inter
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was killed as a result. Public opin
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material is visual as well as writt
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PART TWO: TERMINOLOGY AND CONCEPTS
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CHAPTER FOUR: IS THE IW PARADIGM OU
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Webster’s is necessary. Secondly,
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war.” 118 If the definition of wa
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of near total “information superi
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across broad geographical areas. Ho
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mind, whether electronic, laser, or
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necessarily mean that other nations
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views network-centric operations in
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making while protecting our own.”
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telecommunication assets; and they
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eligious propaganda aspect of IW. T
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Mianheng, by the way, was reported
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China’s networks according to som
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• Form a psychological-warfare me
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CHAPTER SIX: CHINESE AND AMERICAN N
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military deception, and physical de
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transformation is to emphasize both
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Network-Centric Warfare Early in 20
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latter perhaps mimicking the Americ
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authors appeared to be describing w
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• Overestimates man’s capacity
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Cultures eventually produce metapho
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PART THREE: APPLICATIONS AND CASE S
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CHAPTER SEVEN: VIRTUAL PEACEMAKING:
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The most important part of this def
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warplanes were very capable of prec
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advantage of contemporary technolog
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• Communicate commitments to take
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9. Crises can demonstrate the power
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whether they realize it or not, thr
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since many can help slow or prevent
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Superimposing these three ideas on
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5. Offer improved upgradeability fo
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How nations learn to manage or leve
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There are various scenarios through
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There remains an entire series of q
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CHAPTER EIGHT: KOSOVO AND THE CURRE
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information while exploiting or den
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can a real assessment of accuracy b
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agreement less acceptable to Yugosl
Page 149 and 150: In September, a Pentagon review of
Page 151 and 152: damning comment could prove to be f
Page 153 and 154: of support. The second objective wa
Page 155 and 156: and logic. But the point to again b
Page 157 and 158: It also will be interesting to watc
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Page 161 and 162: CHAPTER NINE: “POLICEKEEPING” A
Page 163 and 164: Conflict. 270 It is still a year or
Page 165 and 166: a virtual library and electronic pu
Page 167 and 168: other hard-to-find structures. Know
Page 169 and 170: Policekeepers would benefit greatly
Page 171 and 172: IT also offers systems that create
Page 173 and 174: • Developing an information block
Page 175 and 176: human-based, data-processor compone
Page 177 and 178: software by using special programmi
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Page 181 and 182: a real disadvantage since its radar
Page 183 and 184: forces. Their system’s ability to
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Page 187 and 188: One of the earliest definitions of
Page 189 and 190: value of destroying targets with pr
Page 191 and 192: The Use of Information-Psychologica
Page 193 and 194: off a Russian prisoner. This film w
Page 195 and 196: Russian infospace created to manipu
Page 197 and 198: The Chechens were easily able to pr
Page 199: One of the amino.com sites, for exa
Page 203 and 204: How long the government’s picture
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Page 207 and 208: Russian armed forces cannot stall m
Page 209 and 210: PART FOUR: CYBER THREATS TO THE MIN
Page 211 and 212: initiated by the US. In this sense
Page 213 and 214: Within this digitized context a sho
Page 215 and 216: emained maddeningly undefinable, so
Page 217 and 218: Another problem of the human dimens
Page 219 and 220: worldwide may enter their own cultu
Page 221 and 222: CHAPTER TWELVE: THE AGE OF THE NEW
Page 223 and 224: as a weapon for conducting psycholo
Page 225 and 226: Cease Fires Anytime there was a cha
Page 227 and 228: companies try to persuade or manipu
Page 229 and 230: These devices are associated with t
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Page 233 and 234: down the bodily functions of more t
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Page 239 and 240: wealth of outstanding mathematician
Page 241 and 242: switching on air defense radars, or
Page 243 and 244: Upon closer analysis, the “not fi
Page 245 and 246: Today, simulation, stealth, and var
Page 247 and 248: impact of what they term “new-con
Page 249 and 250: Thus, an information weapon could b
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operations on a strategic scale. Th
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opponent to “see through” an RC
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN: RUSSIA’S REFLEX
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The Soviet and Russian armed forces
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method or technology of obtaining,
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possible to influence his combat pl
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maneuvers, weapons tests, denying e
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Computer technology increases the e
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econsider the wisdom of his decisio
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(5) transfer of an image of one’s
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might try to overpower them. 483 Th
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control against a state, and inform
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PART FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND APPENDIX
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oadband migration. These are the de
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technical developments that are pro
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software 491 for peacekeeping utili
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attack against Arab and Muslim righ
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Structurally the brigade has three
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War. 507 Thus the situational setti
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enabling network-centric operations
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While it is good to have people wit
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fact. 518 It is this focus on cultu
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C4ISR technology to ensure that the
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289
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1999 “Information Technology: US/
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APPENDIX TWO: DECIPHERING ASYMMETRY
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The term apparently assumes whateve
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something new, he reminds us, notin
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intelligence capability. In the cit
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“singing in the rain,” then dec
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the attack. Law enforcement agencie
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Cybercrime is a more accurate defin
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computers. The process can be made
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them. This device is composed of a
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technology to investigate and estab
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e stored and/or through which data
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2. European Union - This is an orga
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enforcement as another avenue for p
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transferred to a physical medium su
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sectors as bad. A person wanting to
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• Compressing/Decompressing Files
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contain evidence are mail servers,
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FBI created a partnership program w
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• Subpoenas - These must be obtai
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search warrants for email, and dete
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originating from country X, law enf
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system is globally distributed and
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About the author: Timothy L. Thomas
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