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uildups. These activities can uncover blatant lies designed to manipulate public opinion. The policekeeper, however, has always been the neglected soldier when it comes to new and exciting technology. It was assumed in the past that policekeepers could use IT developed for combat soldiers. That was and is true, especially for peace enforcement missions, but the tables have also turned somewhat—past peacekeeping models do not apply. Intrastate conflicts are now more common than interstate conflicts. Peacekeeping missions are now more oriented toward police actions and require new IT, as interviews with US policekeepers demonstrate. Today’s policekeepers request language encoders, satellite dishes, electronic informants, crowd control devices and drug detection or x-ray technologies. The warfighter can use these technologies as well, especially in urban combat. Many technologies policekeepers want are still in the US <strong>Army</strong>’s procurement system. Some potential opponents, if they have sufficient financial assets, can purchase commercial off-the-shelf high technology products faster than the US military can procure them. The procurement cycle for equipment can thus put US forces at a disadvantage. Potential opponents might use these technologies to prejudice troop-contributing countries through media or situation manipulation. Conclusions Peace support personnel should benefit from IT more than they have in the past, especially if the UN expects them to confront IT-enhanced criminals and insurgents. IT can explain, pressure, instill fear, uncover manipulation, expose deployments or plans, threaten, and demonstrate impotence. It can contain and recover, and it offers certainty of punishment in an invisible, anonymous manner that ignores sovereignty. In addition, IT enhanced policekeeping can deter conflict by: • Coercing by demonstrating potential military power in benign form. • Building confidence, mustering support, saving time, explaining visually complicated processes, offering to reach people or places directly with speed, providing accurate and timely information, eliminating mistrust and disinformation, and compelling compliance. • Developing common values for the world community. • Offering a virtual show of force and potential outcomes. • Modeling information friction or those areas needing special attention. • Signaling acceptable behavior. • Offering a preemptive strategy. • Capitalizing on the transparent world. 164
• Developing an information blockade or overloading to compel behavior. • Integrating all assets such as law, people, and technologies. • Reverting to a react-act mode due to its speed. • Offering precise information on a variety of issues for decision-makers. • Helping connect data perceptual systems. • Enabling nations to learn to manage or leverage consequences of actions. • Allowing smaller nations to dominate larger ones. These issues require intense doctrinal, policy, and legal review. IT can prevent conflict by manipulating, interrupting or interfering with information systems and infrastructures, areas where there are serious legal questions. IT needs to be regulated under such circumstances. IT remains a national issue. It is not a focal point for the UN, which remains inundated with more pressing issues. States must develop their own peace-support IT within international guidelines. But, the issue is crucial. Without such support, peace operations may indeed lose their effectiveness and ability to keep the peace. Give ITsupported policekeepers, not criminals and insurgents, a chance to succeed. 165
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Cover: The cover highlights four st
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DEDICATION This book is dedicated t
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TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS
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IT Databases and Policekeeping ....
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FOREWORD This book explores the imp
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INTRODUCTION This book examines the
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cultural awareness, psychological o
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PART ONE: UNDERSTANDING OUR CYBER E
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CHAPTER ONE: ENGAGING CYBER OR INFO
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Jihad” listed the terms cyberatta
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screening methods were used to chec
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more than 194 million in China. But
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as armies do on the battlefield to
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date, military opponents have been
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usurp adversarial human and automat
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However, just as cyber activities h
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ought Keyhole and now offers free a
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The important point to underscore i
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that may or may not result in blood
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web allows an uncensored and unfilt
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The Internet can help a poorly fund
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audiences, while one set to use Ara
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of icons can change as well. Messag
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The Internet takes advantage of leg
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without physically meeting their fo
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conflict. It is a protracted politi
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Adaptive Insurgent Organization and
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It is clear that Osama bin Laden re
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With no filter or censor, the Inter
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was killed as a result. Public opin
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material is visual as well as writt
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PART TWO: TERMINOLOGY AND CONCEPTS
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CHAPTER FOUR: IS THE IW PARADIGM OU
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Webster’s is necessary. Secondly,
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war.” 118 If the definition of wa
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of near total “information superi
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across broad geographical areas. Ho
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mind, whether electronic, laser, or
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necessarily mean that other nations
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views network-centric operations in
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making while protecting our own.”
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telecommunication assets; and they
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eligious propaganda aspect of IW. T
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Mianheng, by the way, was reported
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China’s networks according to som
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• Form a psychological-warfare me
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CHAPTER SIX: CHINESE AND AMERICAN N
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military deception, and physical de
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transformation is to emphasize both
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Network-Centric Warfare Early in 20
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latter perhaps mimicking the Americ
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authors appeared to be describing w
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• Overestimates man’s capacity
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Cultures eventually produce metapho
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PART THREE: APPLICATIONS AND CASE S
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CHAPTER SEVEN: VIRTUAL PEACEMAKING:
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The most important part of this def
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warplanes were very capable of prec
Page 121 and 122: advantage of contemporary technolog
Page 123 and 124: • Communicate commitments to take
Page 125 and 126: 9. Crises can demonstrate the power
Page 127 and 128: whether they realize it or not, thr
Page 129 and 130: since many can help slow or prevent
Page 131 and 132: Superimposing these three ideas on
Page 133 and 134: 5. Offer improved upgradeability fo
Page 135 and 136: How nations learn to manage or leve
Page 137 and 138: There are various scenarios through
Page 139 and 140: There remains an entire series of q
Page 141 and 142: CHAPTER EIGHT: KOSOVO AND THE CURRE
Page 143 and 144: information while exploiting or den
Page 145 and 146: can a real assessment of accuracy b
Page 147 and 148: agreement less acceptable to Yugosl
Page 149 and 150: In September, a Pentagon review of
Page 151 and 152: damning comment could prove to be f
Page 153 and 154: of support. The second objective wa
Page 155 and 156: and logic. But the point to again b
Page 157 and 158: It also will be interesting to watc
Page 159 and 160: press and police headquarters, and
Page 161 and 162: CHAPTER NINE: “POLICEKEEPING” A
Page 163 and 164: Conflict. 270 It is still a year or
Page 165 and 166: a virtual library and electronic pu
Page 167 and 168: other hard-to-find structures. Know
Page 169 and 170: Policekeepers would benefit greatly
Page 171: IT also offers systems that create
Page 175 and 176: human-based, data-processor compone
Page 177 and 178: software by using special programmi
Page 179 and 180: international and state control ove
Page 181 and 182: a real disadvantage since its radar
Page 183 and 184: forces. Their system’s ability to
Page 185 and 186: and digital ortho-photomaps that we
Page 187 and 188: One of the earliest definitions of
Page 189 and 190: value of destroying targets with pr
Page 191 and 192: The Use of Information-Psychologica
Page 193 and 194: off a Russian prisoner. This film w
Page 195 and 196: Russian infospace created to manipu
Page 197 and 198: The Chechens were easily able to pr
Page 199 and 200: One of the amino.com sites, for exa
Page 201 and 202: Another site available is daimohk.o
Page 203 and 204: How long the government’s picture
Page 205 and 206: negating similar actions by Chechny
Page 207 and 208: Russian armed forces cannot stall m
Page 209 and 210: PART FOUR: CYBER THREATS TO THE MIN
Page 211 and 212: initiated by the US. In this sense
Page 213 and 214: Within this digitized context a sho
Page 215 and 216: emained maddeningly undefinable, so
Page 217 and 218: Another problem of the human dimens
Page 219 and 220: worldwide may enter their own cultu
Page 221 and 222: CHAPTER TWELVE: THE AGE OF THE NEW
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as a weapon for conducting psycholo
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Cease Fires Anytime there was a cha
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companies try to persuade or manipu
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These devices are associated with t
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the Soviets wanted to only shoot do
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down the bodily functions of more t
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TV reporting to avert a panic while
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229
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wealth of outstanding mathematician
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switching on air defense radars, or
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Upon closer analysis, the “not fi
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Today, simulation, stealth, and var
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impact of what they term “new-con
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Thus, an information weapon could b
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operations on a strategic scale. Th
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opponent to “see through” an RC
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CHAPTER FOURTEEN: RUSSIA’S REFLEX
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The Soviet and Russian armed forces
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method or technology of obtaining,
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possible to influence his combat pl
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maneuvers, weapons tests, denying e
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Computer technology increases the e
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econsider the wisdom of his decisio
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(5) transfer of an image of one’s
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might try to overpower them. 483 Th
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control against a state, and inform
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PART FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND APPENDIX
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oadband migration. These are the de
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technical developments that are pro
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software 491 for peacekeeping utili
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attack against Arab and Muslim righ
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Structurally the brigade has three
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War. 507 Thus the situational setti
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enabling network-centric operations
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While it is good to have people wit
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fact. 518 It is this focus on cultu
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C4ISR technology to ensure that the
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289
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1999 “Information Technology: US/
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APPENDIX TWO: DECIPHERING ASYMMETRY
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The term apparently assumes whateve
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something new, he reminds us, notin
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intelligence capability. In the cit
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“singing in the rain,” then dec
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the attack. Law enforcement agencie
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Cybercrime is a more accurate defin
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computers. The process can be made
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them. This device is composed of a
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technology to investigate and estab
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e stored and/or through which data
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2. European Union - This is an orga
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enforcement as another avenue for p
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transferred to a physical medium su
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sectors as bad. A person wanting to
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• Compressing/Decompressing Files
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contain evidence are mail servers,
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FBI created a partnership program w
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• Subpoenas - These must be obtai
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search warrants for email, and dete
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originating from country X, law enf
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system is globally distributed and
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About the author: Timothy L. Thomas
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