DSpace at Khazar University

Chapter One: Subject Planning
1-1-1. Definitions, Understanding and limitations of the subject matter:
Strategy can be defined as a way of sending, taking and guarding. It is supposed
this word has been taken from the knowledge and art of ancient Greek general called
strategies. According to some other resources, this word has taken from the word
stratum meaning path and way. In spite of some differences in definitions but both have
something common.
In recent year strategy has been used as a military word. So strategy in war
means reaching to goal, science and the art of arranging the army.
Strategy has been used in social sciences in field of economics in the second half
of the 20 th century. Strategy in economics was used for the first time by Newman and
Morgenstern; they were both economist and mathematician. They studied strategy from
the personal economic point of view. They tried to explain in a systematic way the cute
tricks used by both sides to be a winner.
Chandler has defined strategy as the determining factor of executive goals.
On the other hands Andrews defined strategy as a pattern of executive goals. To him
strategy determines what the organizations do and what it wants to do.
Ansoff defines strategy as a prescriptive point of view. To him strategy at first
considers the outward issues especial in the mixture of the products, the kind of markets
in which the products will be sold there. He says strategy is like a link between product
and market schedule. Hofer explain strategy as the providing activities between interval
resources and talents of organization with outward threats. There is another definition
for strategy which says it is the selection of activities necessary for getting goals of
organization.
To Steiner, in spite of relation between strategic management and operations, it
is strategy which determines the framework of operation management.
Brisen defines strategic planning as follow:
Strategic planning is an organized effort to get fundamental decisions and doing
essential operations which determines activities of an organization into a framework.
These efforts help the organization to rely on its strength and overcome its weak points.
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