OPINION Vol.1, No.1 June 2013 - National Defence University

Operational art in the context of any developing country like Pakistan will remain vital, when
realized as a methodology that enables effective planning and execution of the complete spectrum of
operations. If our military leaders apply operational art in its full dimensions, functioning as true artists,
they can definitely become an effective expression to any given strategic direction in the future.
Researchers:
Supervisor:
Lt Col Imran Naqvi TJ, Lt Col Kashif Azad, Gp Capt Yousaf and Brig Rowel (Sri Lanka)
Brig Fayyaz Hussain Shah
Endnotes
1 General Sir Rupert Smith, “Epilogue to The Evolution of Operational Art: From Napoleon to the Present (OUP, 2011), p.229.
2 Martin Van Creveld, “Napoleon and the Dawn of Operational Warfare”, in John Andreas Olsen & Martin Van Creveld, “The
Evolution of Operational Art: From Napoleon to the Present” (OUP, 2011), p.9.
3 www.jcs-group.com/once/war1792/1806jena.html, accessed on 11 Dec 2012.
4 Brigadier Justin Kelly and Dr. Michael James, “Alien: How Operational Art Devoured Strategy”, accessed January 7, 2013,
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfmpubid=939.
5 inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/telegraph.htm, accessed on 11 Dec 2012.
6
Michael D. Krause, Moltke and the Origins of the Operational Level of War, p.145 (http://www.history.army.mil
/books/OpArt/germany1.htm) accessed on 11 Dec 2012.
7 Brigadier Justin Kelly and Dr. Michael James, “Alien: How Operational Art Devoured Strategy”, accessed October 22, 2012,
http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfmpubid=939.
8 Jacob W. Kipp, “The Origins of Soviet Operational Art 1917-1936”, Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art, Center of
Military History, US Army, Washington D.C., 2005, (www.history.army.mil).
9 Antulio J. Echevarria II, “American Operational Art 1917-2008”, Evolution of Operational Art: From Napoleon to the Present,
2011, OUP. p. 140
10 Ibid. p. 141
11 http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/stmihiel.htm, accessed 22 November 2012.
12 Antulio J. Echevarria II, “American Operational Art 1917-2008”, Evolution of Operational Art: From Napoleon to the Present,
2011, OUP. p. 140
13 Dennis E. Showalter, Prussian-German Operational Art 1740-1943, The Evolution of Operational Art From Napoleon to the
Present, 2011, OUP. p. 48
14 Bruce W. Menning, The Imperial Russian Legacy of Operational Art 1878-1914, Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art,
Center of Military History United States Army Washington D.C., 2005, www.history.army.mil
15 Jacob W. Kipp, The Origins of Soviet Operational Art 1917-1936, Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art, Center of
Military History United States Army Washington D.C., 2005, www.history.army.mil
16 Antulio J. Echevarria II, “American Operational Art 1917-2008”, Evolution of Operational Art: From Napoleon to the Present,
2011, OUP. p. 142
17 Ibid. p. 115
18 Ibid. p.120
19 http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2002/5/14/55627/2665, accessed on 13 December 2012.
20 R.Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy, The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History From 3500 BC to the Present (London:
HarperCollins, 1993), 1160.
21 R. Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy, The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History From 3500 BC to the Present (London:
HarperCollins, 1993), p. 1203.
22 R.Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy, The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History From 3500 BC to the Present (London:
HarperCollins, 1993), 1193.
23 Ibid. p. 78
24 David M. Glantz, Soviet Operational Art Since1936: The Triumph of Maneuver War, Historical Perspectives of the Operational
Art, Center of Military History United States Army Washington D.C., 2005, www.history.army.mil
25 R.Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy, The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History From 3500 BC to the Present (London:
HarperCollins, 1993), 1220.
26 http://www.ww2incolor.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-6241.html accessed on 13 December 2012.
27 Jacob W. Kipp, The Origins of Soviet Operational Art 1917-1936, Historical Perspectives of the Operational Art, Center of
Military History United States Army Washington D.C., 2005, www.history.army.mil
28 R.Ernest Dupuy and Trevor N. Dupuy, The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History From 3500 BC to the Present (London:
HarperCollins, 1993), 1211.
29 Willam B. Huntington, Crusade in Europe: A Critique of Eisenhower’s Operational Art, National Defense University National
War College Fort McNair, 1992, www.dtic.mil
30 Robert R. Soucy, II, Serial vs Parallel War: An Airman’s View of Operational Art, School of Advanced Military Studies
United States Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, 1993, http://www.dtic.mil
31 Dr. Gary J. Bjorg, “Moving the Enemy: Operational Art in the Chinese PLA’s Huai Hai Campaign”, Leavenworth Paper
Number 22 (Combat Studies Institute Press, Fort Leavenworth, 2003), www.dtic.mil.
32 Major Thomas P. Reilly, “Mao Tse-Tung and Operational Art during the Chinese Civil War”, (School of Advanced Military
Studies, US Army Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, May 1998), http://www.dtic
33 Antulio J. Echevarria II, “American Operational Art 1917-2008”, The Evolution of Operational Art: From Napoleon to the
Present, 2011, OUP.
34
The Oxford Companion to American Military History (2000), www.encycleopidea.com; www.history.com;
www.shmoop.com/korean-war
OPINION Vol.1 No.1 126 June 2013