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UNCLASSIFIED Recent developments in the ICT sector hold promise for continued economic growth. Since the introduction of 3G mobile broadband service in June 2012, 3G service is now provided by three mobile companies, available throughout 11 provinces and covering 13 provincial capitals (as of early February 2013), according to the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. More than 200,000 Afghans have adopted 3G so far, with that number growing every day. On November 18, 2012, the Afghanistan Telecommunication Regulatory Authority issued three broadband wireless access licenses, which will allow Afghan Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to provide high-speed last-mile connectivity to Afghan enterprises and institutions, thus improving access to broadband Internet service. Afghan Telecom Corp. decreased the price of terrestrial, fiber-based Internet bandwidth from $300 per megabyte (MB) per month to $97/MB/month in January 2013; this price reduction will continue to stimulate Internet demand and usage. These developments are significant because, according to the World Bank, increased broadband Internet penetration in developing countries like Afghanistan is estimated to correlate to an increased GDP. Fiber infrastructure. Approximately 2,400 km of fiber, or nearly 73 percent, of the originally planned 3,300 km Optic Fiber Cable (OFC) is complete and operational to date. The strategically significant southeast sector – Kabul to Kandahar – was completed in January 2013, but is not yet operational due to security issues that correctly preclude Afghan Telecom Corporation (AfTel), the state-owned wire line and wireless telecommunications operator, from activating and maintaining this segment. The completion of the southeast segment will improve governance, development, and security in key coalition areas of operation, and provide an alternate and redundant path of connectivity into Pakistan and undersea cables to the south. Additionally, completion of the southeast segment will allow for additional fiber installation resources to be shifted to the southwest, thereby accelerating progress in that region. There are approximately 900 kilometers of fiber remaining to be installed in the southwest region. Cellular infrastructure. The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology recently awarded a 3G license to the firm Roshan to join the private firms Etisalat and MTN in offering service. The ministry's goal is for 50 percent of Afghans to use 3G networks within two years. A report by the telecom research company BuddeComm estimates that in 2012, some 20 million Afghans subscribed to a mobile phone plan, an increase of 14 percent over 2011. Ten years ago, only 20,500 Afghans were subscribers. As of June 2012, 4,670 base transceiver stations (BTSs) were in place throughout Afghanistan, providing cellular coverage to 88 percent of the population. In November 2012, AfTel announced it was embarking on a plan to roll out a new 2G and 3G GSM technology cellular network throughout the country. In support of ISAF's and GIRoA’s stability and governance objectives, Afghan Telecom is primarily focusing on bringing communications to the underserved rural districts and providing continuous 24/7 cellular service in some of the most dangerous districts of Afghanistan. Based on an ambitious restructuring and operational effectiveness improvement program, the company is targeting June 2013 for the commercial network launch. Afghan Telecom plans to establish service in approximately 250-300 additional locations. 161
UNCLASSIFIED However, during the reporting period, as in the past, insurgents used intimidation tactics, such as threats of murder or rape, to force cell tower operators to cease cell phone service at night and during other sensitive times. This ability to intimidate is present throughout Afghanistan, but is most prevalent in the south and east. This practice reduces the positive impetus data and telecommunications operations could otherwise have. Satellite Infrastructure. One of the priorities of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology is to commercially lease and use its orbital satellite slot. Afghanistan was assigned slot 50° east longitude by the International Telecommunication Union. Leasing and using its orbital satellite slot will allow GIRoA to extend communications, e-government, and broadcast services to rural and remote areas, thereby expanding its influence in both governance and development. The ISAF Telecommunications Advisory Team (TAT) advised and assisted GIRoA in devising and issuing an international competitive tender, which was released on October 9, 2012, and concluded on December 9, 2012. TAT also assisted to evaluate responses to the tender, and GIRoA is expected to award a contract to a satellite vendor in spring 2013. 4.2: INFRASTRUCTURE Donor-funded development efforts continue to improve Afghanistan’s infrastructure, including roads, rail, power, and border controls. However, regulatory authorities and operations and maintenance mechanisms necessary for the long-term sustainability of this infrastructure are immature or have yet to be developed. Major infrastructure projects continued this reporting period with slow improvement. Afghanistan’s strategic economic infrastructure continued to improve and is generally on schedule, although some projects have experienced delays. The contract award process for installation of the third turbine at Kajaki Dam has experienced further delays and will not be completed until after 2015. Progress expanding electrical distribution via the northern and southern grids, NEPS and SEPS, continued with contracts awarded this quarter, pushing the NEPS south to Ghazni and Gardez. Short-term repairs of the Salang Tunnel road surface are ongoing, keeping the tunnel passable to traffic through the winter. The more extensive Commanders Emergency Response Program (CERP)-funded rehabilitation, in partnership with the Ministry of Public Works, will occur in 2013 and include road, ventilation, and drainage upgrades. Roads The expansion of the road network in Afghanistan has begun to slow, with many projects still unfunded and others experiencing significant security delays. To date, 5,430 km of provincial, regional, and national roads have been completed, while 2,266 km are under construction or partially completed. Of particular concern is the yet-to-be-completed section of the Ring Road in northeast Afghanistan. 162
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Report on Progress Toward Security
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................
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ANSF Self-assessment ..............
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UNCLASSIFIED Executive Summary 1 Th
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UNCLASSIFIED coordination among the
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UNCLASSIFIED further the Afghan-led
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UNCLASSIFIED the World Bank, and ab
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UNCLASSIFIED but ISAF mistakenly di
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UNCLASSIFIED Figure 3 illustrates t
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UNCLASSIFIED SECTION 1 - SECURITY 1
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UNCLASSIFIED ISAF has identified re
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UNCLASSIFIED 1.4: NATO-ISAF FORCE L
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UNCLASSIFIED Figure 2: EIAs Share b
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UNCLASSIFIED Ceasefires can have ne
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UNCLASSIFIED Figure 3: Nationwide S
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UNCLASSIFIED Belambai. The Panjwa
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UNCLASSIFIED security operations ha
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UNCLASSIFIED and become capable of
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UNCLASSIFIED to the province. GIRoA
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UNCLASSIFIED 1.8: INSIDER THREAT 8
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UNCLASSIFIED conduct an attack. Ins
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UNCLASSIFIED The numbers of attacks
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UNCLASSIFIED PPCs are responsible f
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UNCLASSIFIED formal procedure for m
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UNCLASSIFIED APRP funding provided
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UNCLASSIFIED Figure 9: Perceptions
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UNCLASSIFIED challenge for Afghans
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UNCLASSIFIED Figure 10: ANSF and IS
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UNCLASSIFIED Renewed effort and att
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UNCLASSIFIED centralized “Soviet
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UNCLASSIFIED CM-1A CM-1B CM-2A CM-2
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UNCLASSIFIED Patang made significan
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UNCLASSIFIED Also of note this repo
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UNCLASSIFIED areas to continue the
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UNCLASSIFIED Figure 17: AAF End Str
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UNCLASSIFIED assigned outside of th
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UNCLASSIFIED Figure 20: ANASOF Oper
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UNCLASSIFIED ANASOF currently opera
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UNCLASSIFIED Figure 21: ANSF Enable
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UNCLASSIFIED Figure 22: ANA Logisti
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UNCLASSIFIED reaching the original
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UNCLASSIFIED Corruption and infiltr
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UNCLASSIFIED operations is the weak
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UNCLASSIFIED The International Poli
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UNCLASSIFIED smaller regional nodes
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UNCLASSIFIED The still-nascent ANP
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UNCLASSIFIED are the development of
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UNCLASSIFIED 2.8: AFGHAN PUBLIC PRO
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UNCLASSIFIED APPF Tasks and Mission
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UNCLASSIFIED APPF Support Criteria
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UNCLASSIFIED CM Definitions CM1 CM2
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UNCLASSIFIED governance and develop
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UNCLASSIFIED However, the shift fro
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UNCLASSIFIED Non-ALP Local Defense
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UNCLASSIFIED Continued ISAF support
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UNCLASSIFIED increasingly unsuitabl
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UNCLASSIFIED Both forces continued
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UNCLASSIFIED Category Metric How it
Page 118 and 119: UNCLASSIFIED At the NATO summit in
Page 120 and 121: UNCLASSIFIED Figure 33: ANSF Constr
Page 122 and 123: UNCLASSIFIED late in the planning p
Page 124 and 125: UNCLASSIFIED Despite the complex cu
Page 126 and 127: UNCLASSIFIED exchanging current pro
Page 128 and 129: UNCLASSIFIED In addition to the man
Page 130 and 131: UNCLASSIFIED prevent well-intention
Page 132 and 133: UNCLASSIFIED SECTION 3 - GOVERNANCE
Page 134 and 135: UNCLASSIFIED related tasks in suppo
Page 136 and 137: UNCLASSIFIED Within its mandate to
Page 138 and 139: UNCLASSIFIED to be exclusively run
Page 140 and 141: UNCLASSIFIED Customs revenues on cr
Page 142 and 143: UNCLASSIFIED 32 Presently NROLFSM-A
Page 144 and 145: UNCLASSIFIED The Afghan judicial sy
Page 146 and 147: UNCLASSIFIED However, there are are
Page 148 and 149: UNCLASSIFIED Since the first post-2
Page 150 and 151: UNCLASSIFIED review committee rejec
Page 152 and 153: UNCLASSIFIED the key points being t
Page 154 and 155: UNCLASSIFIED Enforcement Administra
Page 156 and 157: UNCLASSIFIED The CNP-A is the ANP c
Page 158 and 159: UNCLASSIFIED Afghanistan Threat Fin
Page 160 and 161: UNCLASSIFIED force; laying a founda
Page 162 and 163: UNCLASSIFIED pomegranates to 50 pro
Page 164 and 165: UNCLASSIFIED Continued USDA capacit
Page 166 and 167: UNCLASSIFIED Afghanistan’s effort
Page 170 and 171: UNCLASSIFIED For the East-West corr
Page 172 and 173: UNCLASSIFIED Additionally, DABS, ha
Page 174 and 175: UNCLASSIFIED Afghan Government. Cur
Page 176 and 177: UNCLASSIFIED million condoms and or
Page 178 and 179: UNCLASSIFIED The main U.S. Embassy
Page 180 and 181: UNCLASSIFIED GAs are full-time posi
Page 182 and 183: Percentage UNCLASSIFIED 60% Female
Page 184 and 185: UNCLASSIFIED India supports a varie
Page 186 and 187: UNCLASSIFIED this reporting period.
Page 188 and 189: UNCLASSIFIED major source of remitt
Page 190 and 191: UNCLASSIFIED A.1: MONTHLY SECURITY
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