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458 4. Appendix
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A Norator is an ideal two-terminal circuit element which imposes no constraints on its branch current
and voltage. The value specification is ignored and should be set to 0 (zero). Note that a norator
usually appears paired with a nullator, thus forming a nullor. A nullor represents a controlled source
of arbitrary type with infinite gain, such as an ideal operational amplifier.
4.2.19 Fixator
type name
syntax
Fixator {FIXname, {node+, node−}, {value I0 , value V0 }}
denotes a fixator
Circuit element type Fixator.
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V0
I0
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A fixator is an ideal two-terminal circuit element which enforces both a fixed voltage and a fixed
current between its terminals. It is thus neither a voltage nor a current source but rather both at the
same time. Note that the netlist entry for fixators has a special form because two element values,
a source current and a source voltage, must be specified. Fixators are hardly ever used for circuit
analysis purposes. Their main application field is circuit sizing where they can be used to model
operating points of nonlinear devices such as transistors.