Capoeira: The History of an Afro-Brazilian Martial Art

Illustrations
1.1 A mulatto capoeira 17
2.1 African martial dance and instruments 40
2.2 An old African playing a berimbau 40
2.3 N’golo 48
2.4 Liveta, preliminary phase of n’golo 49
2.5 An Angolan berimbau player 50
2.6 Stick fighting in Dominica 58
2.7 Head-butt combat in Venezuela 61
3.1 ‘Jogar capoëra ou danse de la guerre’ 73
3.2 ‘Negros fighting, Brazil’ 74
3.3 ‘Negroes which will be flogged’ 74
3.4 Central section of Rio de Janeiro, c.1850 76
3.5 Capoeira ginga with sticks 82
3.6 Caricature of capoeiras recruited into the police force 82
3.7 Open-handed blow and a razor attack; kick to the chest; head butt 83
3.8 A Nagoa and a Guaiamú in typical outfits 85
3.9 Sweeping kick (‘Rasteira’) 88
4.1 Townships and parishes in the Bahian Recôncavo in the mid-nineteenth century 95
4.2 Old African porters at a canto, Bahia 97
4.3 Combat games in Salvador, Bahia 98
4.4 Jogo de dentro in the port area of Salvador 103
4.5 City centre of Salvador, 1894 105
4.6 Capoeira rodas in a neighbourhood, Salvador 105
4.7 Capoeira roda in the port area of Salvador 107
4.8 Mestre Juvenal defending against a knife attack from a student 109
4.9 Chamadas: Mestre Juvenal with students in the port area 112
4.10 Mestre Caiçara was one of the last capoeira ‘troublemakers’ in Bahia 121
5.1 Ginga as taught by Mestre Bimba 130
5.2 Acrobatic movements of capoeira Regional 132
5.3 Sequences of capoeira Regional movements 133
5.4 Mestre Bimba with two friends 137
5.5 M.Bimba teaching at the Forte do Barbalho, c.1938. 139
5.6 Mestre Bimba performing the ginga 145
6.1 Mestre Pastinha in 1965 147
6.2 Mestre Pastinha playing berimbau 149
6.3 Mestre Pastinha practising capoeira 151
6.4 Bateria de Capoeira in Pastinha’s academy 158