Capoeira: The History of an Afro-Brazilian Martial Art

242 NOTES
48 Reis, O mundo, pp. 176–7. My account of the Captains is based on her excellent analysis.
49 The account of Almir das Areias has been heavily criticized by students of M.Suassuna, who deny any link
between the Federation and the military regime, accuse M.Almir of having used Suassuna’s academy for
revolutionary activities and reduce his critique to personal animosity and ingratitude towards his former mestre.
See Papagaio-de-pirata, ‘Eu vi, eu vi, eu vi, Gangazumba traindo Zumbi…’, www.capoeiradobrasil.com.br/
gangazumba.htm
50 Quoted from Reis, O mundo, pp. 186–7. Again, my account of Cativeiro summarizes the findings of this author.
51 Reis, O mundo, pp. 190–1.
52 Praticando Capoeira, I, No. 9, p. 35.
53 Praticando Capoeira, II, No. 17, p. 30.
54 For capoeira in Pará, see V.Salles, A defesa pessoal do negor. A capoeira no Pará (Brasília: author’s edition,
1994) and L.A.Leal, ‘“Deixai a política da capoeiragem gritar”—Capoeiras e discursos de vadiagem no Pará
republicano (1888–1906)’ (MA Thesis in History, UFBa, Salvador, 2002). For capoeira in Recife see V.de
Oliveira, Capoeira, Frevo, Passo (Recife: Companhia Editora de Pernambuco, 1971).
55 A.C.Viana de Souza, ‘A capoeira em São Luís. Dinámica e expansão no século XX: dos anos 60 aos dias atuais’
(BA thesis, History, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, 2002), pp. 45–8.
56 Praticando Capoeira, Vol. I, No. 9, pp. 22–5.
57 See list in Jornal Muzenza, Vol. II, No.13 (1996), pp. 6–8.
58 R.Costa Araújo, ‘Profissões étnicas: a profissionalização da capoeira em Salvador’, Análise and Dados, Vol. 3,
No. 4 (1994), pp. 30–3.
59 A.A.Couto (M.Zoião), História, arte andfilosofia da capoeira nadonal (Salvador: author’s edition, 1999), pp. 32,
33.
60 Jornal Abadá-Capoeira, No. 32 (Sept-Oct 2000), p. 2.
61 For a discussion of this issue in relation to M.Bimba, see F.Abreu, ‘Casa do Caboclo’, Jornal Muzenza, Vol. II.
No. 16 (1996), pp. 8–9.
62 Law 9,696 from 1 September 1998, reproduced in Revista Grupo Muzenza, No. 1 (n.d.), p. 4; for more details,
see www.capoeiradobrasil.com.br/milenio.htm.
63 E-mail discussion at capoeira-cbs@grupos.com.br, September 2002.
64 They claimed to have received the support of governor Mário Covas and president Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
‘Capoeira’. Revista Negro 100 por cento, special editon, I, No. 1, n.d., pp. 62–3.
65 M.Luiz Renato Vieira, Praticando Capoeira, II, No. 17, pp. 33.
66 Reis, O mundo, p. 166.
67 J.L.Cirqueira Falcão and L.R.Vieira (orgs), Capoeira. História e Fundamentos do grupo Beribazu (Brasília:
Starprint, 1997), pp. 40–1.
68 Revista Capoeira, Vol. II, No. 8, p. 34.
69 Cinturón negro, n.d., p. 69.
70 For stereotypes in gender relations among Bahian capoeiristas, see M.Willson, ‘Playing the Dance, Dancing the
Game: Race, Sex and Stereotype in Anthropological Fieldwork’, Ethnos, Vol. 62, Nos 3–4 (1997), pp. 24–48.
71 Inteview with M.Cigana, Praticando Capoeira, Vol. I, No. 4, pp. 28–30.
72 www.abadacapoeira.com/html/edn.html.
73 Inteview with instructor Claudia da Silva, Praticando Capoeira, Vol. I, No. 9, p. 31.
74 The first covers of Revista Capoeira for instance only displayed female bodies of TV stars such as Tiazinha and
Feitiçeira. This led to complaints by some readers and the publishers changed their policy.
75 For an analysis of capoeira in the CIDs, see J.L.Cirqueira Falcão, A escolarização da capoeira (Brasília: ASEFE,
Royal Court, 1996).
76 These experiences have, in return, generated a whole literature discussing the use of capoeira in education. See,
for example, A.L.Teixeira Reis, Educação física e capoeira. Saúde e qualidade de vida (Brasília: Thesaurus,
2001).
77 See reports in Revista Capoeira, I, No. 2 (1998), p. 43; Praticando Capoeira, Vol. I, No. 9, p. 29.