Capoeira: The History of an Afro-Brazilian Martial Art

218 NOTES
60 A.Ramos, As culturas negras no Novo Mundo (4th edn, São Paulo: Editora Nacional, 1979), p. 246.
61 A.Ramos, O folclore negro do Brasil. Demopsicologia e psicanálise (2nd edn, Rio de Janeiro: Casa do Estudante
do Brasil, 1954), pp. 10, 123.
62 Idem, p. 121. Letter by Edson Carneiro to Artur Ramos, 27 January 1936, in W.Freitas Oliveira V.da Costa
Lima, Cartas de Édison Carneiro a Artur Ramos (Salvador: Corrupio, 1987), p. 89.
63 É.Carneiro, Negros Bantus. Notas de etnografia religiosa e de folk-lore (Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira,
1937), pp. 150, 155–6, 160.
64 O.R.de Moraes von Simson (org.), Revisitando a terra de contrastes: a atualidade da obra de Roger Bastide (São
Paulo: FFLECH/CERU, 1986), pp. 43, 99.
65 R.Bastide, Les Amériques Noires. Les civilisations africaines dans le Nouveau Monde (Paris: Payot, 1967),
pp. 176, 180–3.
66 J.Bacelar, A hierarquia das raças. Negros e brancos em Salvador (Rio de Janeiro: Pallas, 2001), p. 129.
67 See in that respect the observations made during the 1930s by R.Landes, City of Women (Albuquerque: Univ. of
New Mexico Press, 1995); also B.G.Dantas, Vovó Nagô e Papai Branco (Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1988), p.183.
68 Dantas, Vovô Nago, pp. 150, 164, 192, 205.
69 R.Almeida, ‘O brinquedo da capoeira’, Revista do Arquivo Municipal, Vol. 7, No. 84 (1942), p. 155.
70 [Álbano] Neves e Sousa:…Da minha África e do Brasil que eu vi…(Luanda: n.e., n.d.).
71 Idem, plates No. 65–7.
72 In fact we don’t yet know if Neves e Souza already defended the n’golo hypothesis while visiting M.Pastinha or
if he developed that idea only at a later stage.
73 Idem, comments to plates Nos 57, 64.
74 Cascudo, L.da Câmara, Folclore do Brasil (Pesquisas e Notas) (Rio de Janeiro: Fundo de Cultura, 1967),
pp. 182–7.
75 Luís Rodolfo Vilhena, Projeto e missão. O movimento folclórico brasileiro, 1947–1964 (Rio de Janeiro: Funarte,
1997), p. 77.
76 R.F.Thompson, Flash of the Spirit. African & Afro-American Art & Philosophy (New York: Vintage Books,
1983), pp. xiv, 101–60.
77 G.Kubik, Angolan Traits in Black Music, Games and Dances of Brazil. A Study of African Cultural Extension
Overseas (Lisbon: Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar, 1979), p. 7.
78 J.C.de Souza Tavares, ‘Dança da Guerra: Arquivo-Arma’ (MA thesis, Sociology, Brasilia: UnB, 1984),
Summary.
79 Grupo de Capoeira Angola Pelourinho (GCAP), ‘10 anos gingando na mesma luta’ (Salvador: GCAP, 1993),
p. 5.
80 C.Daniel Dawson, Dancing Between Two Worlds: Kongo-Angola Culture in the Americas’ (New York: The
Caribbean Cultural Center, 1991), Introduction.
81 See, for instance, K.Mann and E.G.Bay (eds) Rethinking the African Diaspora. The Making of a Black Atlantic
World in the Bight of Benin and Brazil (London: Frank Cass, 2001) and L.M.Heywood, Central Africans and
Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
82 Stephen Howe, Afrocentrism. Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes (London: Verso, 1999), p. 1.
83 T.J.Desch-Obi, ‘Engolo: Combat Traditions in African and African Diaspora History’ (PhD thesis, Los Angeles,
2000. For a more detailed discussion of his contribution, see Chapter 2.
84 R.F.Thompson, ‘Black Martial Arts of the Caribbean’, Latin American Literature and Arts, No. 37 (1987),
pp. 44–5.
85 Fernando Ortiz, Los bailes y el teatro de los negros en el folclore de Cuba (La Habana: Letras Cubanas, 1993),
pp. 298, 300–2; Glosario de Afronegrismos (La Habana: Editorial de Ciencias Sociales, 1991); pp. 207–9;
Ethnographic Atlas of Cuba. Traditional Popular Culture (La Habana: Centro de Investigacion y Desarollo de la
Cultura Cubana ‘Juan Marinello’, n.d.).
86 For a thorough critique of R.F.Thompson’s methods and use of evidence, see S.Price, ‘Patchwork History:
Tracing Artworlds in the African Diaspora’, New West Indian Guide, Vol. 75, Nos 1 and 2 (2001), pp. 16–19.