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STRATEGY, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION 217 addition, the steps are equally useful as a framework to guide one’s own work. Yet the overriding requirement in the practice of designing and doing an evaluation, as in designing and ‘doing’ a PCIS, is the concrete balancing act between limited resources, ever changing and multidimensional aims, and the changing environment within which any project takes place. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1 What are the differences between the starting points of evaluation from a RCT perspective compared to the sociotechnical perspective? 2 What are the strengths of qualitative and quantitative methods and what is the additional value of integrating them? 3 When you were to evaluate a PCIS implementation you know of, how would you proceed through steps 1–6? REFERENCES Heathfield, H., P.Hudson, S.Kay, L.Mackay, T.Marley, L.Nicholson, V.Peel, R.Roberts and J.Williams (1999) Issues into multi-disciplinary assessment of healthcare information systems, Information Technology & People 12(3): 253–75. Heathfield, H., S.Clamp and D.Felton (2001) Probe: Project Review and Objective Evaluation for Electronic Patient and Health Record Projects. UK Institute of Health Informatics for the NHS Information Authority. Kaplan, B. (2001) Evaluating informatics applications—clinical decision support systems literature review, International Journal of Medical Informatics 64:15–37. Stoop, A.P. and M.Berg (2003) Integrating quantitative and qualitative methods in patient care information system evaluation: guidance for the organizational decision maker, Methods of Information in Medicine 42 (in press). FURTHER READING On methods of evaluation in (informatics in) health care Anderson, J., C.Aydin and S.Jay (eds) (1994) Evaluating Health Care Information Systems. California: SAGE Publications. Friedman C.P. and J.C.Wyatt (1997) Evaluation Methods in Medical Informatics. New York: Springer-Verlag. Kaplan, B. and N.T.Shaw (2002) People, organizational, and social issues: evaluation as an exemplar, Yearbook of Medical Informatics 91–102. Øvretveit, J. (1998) Evaluating Health Interventions. Buckingham: Open University Press. Pope, C. (1995) Qualitative research: reaching the parts other methods cannot reach: an introduction to qualitative methods in health and health services research, British Medical Journal 311:42–5.
218 EVALUATION OF PCISS On the discussion of the use of RCTs Berwick, D.M. (1998) Developing and testing changes in delivery of care, Annals of Internal Medicine 128:651–6. Heathfield, H.A., V.Peel, P.Hudson, S.Kay, L.Mackay, T.Marley, L.Nicholson, R. Roberts and J.Williams (1997) Evaluating large scale health information systems: from practice towards theory, Proceedings of the American Medical Informatics Association Fall Symposium: 116–20. Kaplan, B. (2001) Evaluating informatics applications—some alternative approaches: theory, social interactionism, and call for methodological pluralism, International Journal of Medical Informatics 64:39–56. Kaplan, B. and D.Duchon (1988) Combining qualitative and quantitative methods in information systems research: a case study, Medical Information Systems Quarterly December: 571–86. On evaluation from a sociotechnical point of view Berg, M. (1997) Rationalizing Medical Work. Decision Support Techniques and Medical Practices. Cambridge: MIT Press. Berg, M. (1999) Patient care information systems and health care work: a socio-technical approach, International Journal of Medical Informatics 55:87–101.
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Health Information Management In al
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Health Information Management Integ
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Contents List of illustrations vii
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Illustrations FIGURES 3.1 Medicatio
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Contributors Marc Berg is a physici
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Series preface In almost all Wester
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Acknowledgements I would like to th
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Chapter 1 Introduction In all Weste
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INTRODUCTION 3 touch upon the deplo
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INTRODUCTION 5 can draw upon to mai
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INTRODUCTION 7 Physician Order Entr
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Part I Starting points Understandin
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WAITING FOR GODOT 11 KEY TERMS ■
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WAITING FOR GODOT 13 Netherlands an
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WAITING FOR GODOT 15 facts to show
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WAITING FOR GODOT 17 (Lewinski-Corw
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WAITING FOR GODOT 19 In most cases,
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WAITING FOR GODOT 21 (Anonymous 191
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WAITING FOR GODOT 23 Because of the
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WAITING FOR GODOT 25 they simply sa
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WAITING FOR GODOT 27 expected. Stil
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WAITING FOR GODOT 29 organize their
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WAITING FOR GODOT 31 performance in
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WAITING FOR GODOT 33 different HIS
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WAITING FOR GODOT 35 CONCLUSION: TH
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WAITING FOR GODOT 37 assumption tha
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WAITING FOR GODOT 39 Anonymous (191
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WAITING FOR GODOT 41 Berg, M. (1997
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Chapter 3 Health care work and pati
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HEALTH CARE WORK AND INFORMATION SY
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THE CONTEXTUAL NATURE OF INFORMATIO
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Chapter 5 Meeting the challenge Int
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STARTING POINTS 81 ‘gender, race,
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STARTING POINTS 83 Now, imagine an
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STARTING POINTS 85 organization,
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STARTING POINTS 87 Figure 5.2 Incre
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STARTING POINTS 89 already overflow
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STARTING POINTS 91 responsibilities
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STARTING POINTS 93 answer the quest
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STARTING POINTS 95 Kohn, L.T., J.M.
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Chapter 6 Designing interactions En
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DESIGNING INTERACTIONS 99 the way t
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DESIGNING INTERACTIONS 101 1 Identi
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DESIGNING INTERACTIONS 103 the deve
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DESIGNING INTERACTIONS 105 communic
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DESIGNING INTERACTIONS 107 Figure 6
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DESIGNING INTERACTIONS 109 ■ Figu
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DESIGNING INTERACTIONS 111 measurem
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DESIGNING INTERACTIONS 117 Covell D
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Part II Information strategy, imple
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INFORMATION STRATEGY: AN INTRODUCTI
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Chapter 8 Developing the informatio
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STRATEGY, IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUA
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Guidelines for information system d
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Chapter 9 Implementing information
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Page 240 and 241: INDEX 225 satisfaction 176 patient
Page 242: INDEX 227 support 164 technology de
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