Conrad and Masculinity
Conrad and Masculinity
Conrad and Masculinity
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46 <strong>Conrad</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Masculinity</strong><br />
to have been stuck facing nothing, a nothing which may be read in<br />
one sense as himself in a state of unmasculine indolence, without<br />
work, that great bolster of Victorian masculinity. 6 The Victorian sense<br />
of work as both constitutive <strong>and</strong> protective of manliness is concisely<br />
conveyed in lines written by Ford Madox Brown to accompany his<br />
own painting of 1852–65, Work:<br />
Work! which beads the brow <strong>and</strong> tans the flesh<br />
Of lusty manhood, casting out its devils!<br />
By whose weird art transmuting poor men’s evils,<br />
Their bed seems down, their one dish ever fresh. 7<br />
It is indeed work that is at issue in <strong>Conrad</strong>’s ‘Author’s Note’, since the<br />
‘contrary stresses’ represent <strong>Conrad</strong>’s impulses towards the life of the<br />
sea <strong>and</strong> the literary life. Amid the jostling <strong>and</strong> confusion of discovering<br />
new values, <strong>Conrad</strong> tells us, he experienced ‘a momentary feeling<br />
of darkness’ <strong>and</strong> ‘let my spirit float supine over that chaos’ (OI, vii). He<br />
presents himself as rescued from this state by the intervention of<br />
Garnett, who suggests that he should ‘write another [novel]’ (viii),<br />
though in fact <strong>Conrad</strong> had already begun the story which was to<br />
become An Outcast of the Isl<strong>and</strong>s. 8 In a version of the trope of the work<br />
of fiction as the offspring of male friendship (examined in detail by<br />
Wayne Koestenbaum, who discusses <strong>Conrad</strong>’s collaboration with Ford<br />
Madox Ford), <strong>Conrad</strong>’s novel becomes a product of Garnett’s ‘desire’<br />
<strong>and</strong> ‘gentle’ manner: 9<br />
A phrase of Edward Garnett’s is ... responsible for this book. The<br />
first of the friends I made for myself by my pen it was but natural<br />
that he should be the recipient ... of my confidences ... I believe<br />
that as far as one man may wish to influence another man’s life<br />
Edward Garnett had a great desire that I should go on writing. At<br />
that time, <strong>and</strong> I may say, ever afterwards, he was always very<br />
patient <strong>and</strong> gentle with me.<br />
(vii–viii)<br />
Garnett himself invoked the language of gender roles to describe his<br />
early impressions of <strong>Conrad</strong>, writing that ‘I had never seen before a<br />
man so masculinely keen yet so femininely sensitive’, that ‘there was<br />
a blend of caressing, almost feminine intimacy in his talk’ <strong>and</strong> that<br />
‘<strong>Conrad</strong>’s moods of gay tenderness could be quite seductive’. 10 The<br />
evening ends, in <strong>Conrad</strong>’s account, with the two new friends walking