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List of Figures and Tables List of Tables Table 1: Intended placement depths of fishing hooks for treatments ......................... 20 Table 2: Depth and amount of additional fishing hooks for uniform distribution...... 20 Table 3: Rut parameters for different forward speeds ................................................ 36 Table 4: Rear tyre specifications................................................................................. 37 Table 5: Whole machine configurations used............................................................. 38 Table 6: Average penetrometer resistance for whole machine treatments ................. 41 Table 7: Soil displacement caused by individual machine configurations ................. 45 Table 8: Rut parameters for different rear tyres.......................................................... 46 Table 9: Rut parameters for different undercarriage systems ..................................... 46 Table 10: Characteristics of rubber track units ............................................................. 52 Table 11: Rut parameters for track evaluation.............................................................. 56 Table 12: Regression line parameters for displacement on clay soil............................ 64 Table 13: Regression line parameters for displacement on sandy loam subsoiled soil 65 Table 14: Regression line parameters for displacement on shall. tilled soil................. 67 Table 15: Regression line parameters for displacement with LN transformed data on 67 Table 16: Rut parameter field trials including all treatments........................................ 74 Table 17: Rut parameters, same treatments averaged together..................................... 75 Table 18: General statistical analysis of rut parameters in relation to treatment.......... 75 Table 19: General statistical analysis of rut parameters in relation to soil type ........... 76 Table 20: DBD for field treatments .............................................................................. 77 Table 21: DBD for soil types ........................................................................................ 77 Table 22: Estimated DBD for treatments and controls ................................................. 78 Table 23: Area and draught force of subsoiler.............................................................. 83 Table 24: Power and weight requirement for tractors pulling a subsoiler .................... 86 Table 25: Required tractor specification to pull the subsoiler ...................................... 86 Table 26: Treatments and corresponding increase in DBD ........................................ 106 Table 27: Measured and predicted track sinkages using different approaches........... 136 A list for the figures and tables in the Appendix is given at the beginning of the Appendix. Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) XIII
Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviations: CI confidence interval DBD dry bulk density [g/cm 3 ] LSD least significant difference LPPL load per perimeter length [t/m] VCL virgin compression line Symbols: A contact area [m 2 ] B diameter of plate [m] c cohesion [kN/m 2 ] d displacement [mm] F force [kN] m mass [kg] p probability level P power [W] s change in vector length per unit of depth [mm/mm] S Sinkage [mm] t time [s] U circumference [mm] v speed [m/s] z depth [mm] ZI critical sinkage depth η draught efficiency κ draught to weight ratio σ slip ξ concentration factor σ pressure [kPa] Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) XIV
Page 1 and 2: Cranfield University School of Appl
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Ancillary experiments show
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
Page 13: List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
Page 19 and 20: Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction a) the soil compaction
Page 25 and 26: Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
Page 27 and 28: Experimental Methods had been mount
Page 29 and 30: Experimental Methods track; the loa
Page 31 and 32: Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
Page 33 and 34: Experimental Methods term. In the m
Page 35 and 36: Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
Page 37 and 38: Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
Page 39 and 40: Experimental Methods ence surface c
Page 41 and 42: Experimental Methods chine derives
Page 43 and 44: Experimental Methods depth. The dat
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Methods with water and
Page 47 and 48: Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
Page 49 and 50: Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Field Study With Full Size Combine
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
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Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
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Soil Compaction Models average of m
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models ture content
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Soil Compaction Models with four ot
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Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
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Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
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Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
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Soil Compaction Models The approach
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Soil Compaction Models surface stay
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Soil Compaction Models This result
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Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
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Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
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Soil Compaction Models pressure to
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Soil Compaction Models The response
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Soil Compaction Models On medium so
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Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
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Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
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Ancillary Experiments Average conta
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Ancillary Experiments In order to c
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Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
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Ancillary Experiments track and the
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Ancillary Experiments even when hav
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
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Ancillary Experiments The results f
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
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Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
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Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
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Ancillary Experiments model which o
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
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Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
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Ancillary Experiments contact area.
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Ancillary Experiments soil forward
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Conclusions � The longitudinal so
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Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
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Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
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Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
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Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
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Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
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Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
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Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
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Appendix comparison at the deepest
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Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
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Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
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Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
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Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
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Appendix Adapting critical state so
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Appendix density is obtained by add
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Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
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Appendix choice of a concentration
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Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
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Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
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Appendix To summarize the ability t
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Appendix In the following the predi
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Appendix concentration factor of 4,
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Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
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Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
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Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
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Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
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Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
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Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
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Appendix with a slight deviation fr
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Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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