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Acknowledgements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I want to thank Prof. Dr. Dick Godwin for suggesting this interesting topic, enabling the project and his great support during the work. Without him I would never have been able to achieve what I did in my time at Silsoe and never had learned so much. Without the financial support from Dr. Helmut Claas and Dr. Hermann Garbers this work would not have been possible and this is very gratefully acknowledged. Jan Willem Ver- horsts help in carrying out the day – by – day topics was important – thank you very much. Trevor Tyrrell and Paul Moss did me a huge favour by organizing combine harvesters for the field trials and supplying tyres as they didn’t arrive in time from Germany. For the continuous support on fighting <strong>Cranfield</strong>’s “paper war” and Dick’s diary I would like to thank Sandra Richardson very much indeed. Very special thanks must go to Dr. James L. Brighton for his enormous support in the con- struction process and his challenging questions. Thanks must go to Dr. Ian James as head of the thesis committee meeting who always challenged my data analysis. Without the help of the technicians in the soil bin Simon Stranks and Roy Newland the results would never have been gained. Phil Trolley was always there when I needed an- other hole drilled and never ever let me down. Many thanks to Bob Walker and Peter Grundon for their help during the field work. Great thanks to Dr. Walter Zuern for his continuous support and ideas during the whole work and for proof reading. The moral support of Denise Türk during the work is highly appreciated �. Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) III
Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................................IV LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................................IX LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................. XIII NOMENCLATURE ............................................................................................................... XIV 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Aim............................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Objectives.................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Outline methodology................................................................................................. 6 2 EXPERIMENTAL METHODS.................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Experimental Environment and Set Up..................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Soil Bin Laboratory Conditions...................................................................... 8 2.1.1.1 Test Frame .......................................................................................... 9 2.1.1.2 Tyres and Tracks ................................................................................ 9 2.1.2 Field Studies ................................................................................................. 10 2.1.2.1 Soil Conditions and Soil Preparation................................................ 10 2.1.2.2 Machines........................................................................................... 10 2.1.2.3 Experimental Set Up......................................................................... 11 2.2 Measurements of Parameters .................................................................................. 13 2.2.1 Soil Displacement ......................................................................................... 13 2.2.1.1 Soil Displacement Measurement in Soil Bin Laboratory................. 13 2.2.1.2 Soil Displacement Measurement in Field......................................... 17 2.2.2 Penetrometer Resistance ............................................................................... 23 2.2.3 Dry Bulk Density.......................................................................................... 24 2.2.3.1 Gravimetrical Density Measurement................................................ 24 2.2.3.2 Nuclear Density Measurement Gauge.............................................. 24 2.2.4 Rut Depth...................................................................................................... 26 2.2.5 Pressure Measurement .................................................................................. 26 2.2.6 Draught Force Measurement for Subsoiler Tine .......................................... 27 2.3 Triaxial Cell Test Apparatus ................................................................................... 27 2.3.1 Determination of Virgin Compression Lines (VCL).................................... 27 Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) IV
Page 1 and 2: Cranfield University School of Appl
Page 3: Abstract Ancillary experiments show
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
Page 15 and 16: Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
Page 19 and 20: Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction a) the soil compaction
Page 25 and 26: Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
Page 27 and 28: Experimental Methods had been mount
Page 29 and 30: Experimental Methods track; the loa
Page 31 and 32: Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
Page 33 and 34: Experimental Methods term. In the m
Page 35 and 36: Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
Page 37 and 38: Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
Page 39 and 40: Experimental Methods ence surface c
Page 41 and 42: Experimental Methods chine derives
Page 43 and 44: Experimental Methods depth. The dat
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Methods with water and
Page 47 and 48: Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
Page 49 and 50: Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Field Study With Full Size Combine
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
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Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
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Soil Compaction Models average of m
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models ture content
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Soil Compaction Models with four ot
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Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
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Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
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Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
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Soil Compaction Models The approach
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Soil Compaction Models surface stay
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Soil Compaction Models This result
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Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
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Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
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Soil Compaction Models pressure to
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Soil Compaction Models The response
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Soil Compaction Models On medium so
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Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
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Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
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Ancillary Experiments Average conta
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Ancillary Experiments In order to c
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Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
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Ancillary Experiments track and the
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Ancillary Experiments even when hav
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
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Ancillary Experiments The results f
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
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Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
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Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
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Ancillary Experiments model which o
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
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Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
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Ancillary Experiments contact area.
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Ancillary Experiments soil forward
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Conclusions � The longitudinal so
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Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
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Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
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Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
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Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
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Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
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Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
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Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
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Appendix comparison at the deepest
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Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
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Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
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Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
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Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
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Appendix Adapting critical state so
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Appendix density is obtained by add
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Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
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Appendix choice of a concentration
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Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
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Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
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Appendix To summarize the ability t
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Appendix In the following the predi
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Appendix concentration factor of 4,
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Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
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Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
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Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
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Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
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Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
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Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
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Appendix with a slight deviation fr
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Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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