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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarriage Systems 3 LABORATORY STUDIES INTO UNDERCARRIAGE SYSTEMS This chapter containing the results of the laboratory study begins with the introductory experiments concerning repeatability and traveling speed followed by the evaluation of the effects of implement tyres and whole combine harvester undercarriage systems on soil physical parameters. Finally track parameters are more deeply investigated in terms of the influence of belt tension from a friction driven track systems and different rubber track systems on soil physical parameters. Details on the laboratory set up are given in Section 2.1.1. A description of the methods can be found in Section 2.2.1.1 for soil displacement, in Section 2.2.2 for penetrometer resistance, in Section 2.2.4 for rut parameters and in Sec- tion 2.2.5 for pressure profiles which were only measured in the track studies. 3.1 Introductory Study into Soil Laboratory Settings The repeatability of results was confirmed and the influence of speed was evaluated ensur- ing the appropriateness of the laboratory settings. 3.1.1 Repeatability of Results Due to the time consuming preparation and data collection procedure, each treatment was usually only carried out once and repeated measurements taken which was taken into ac- count in the statistical analysis. To ensure repeatability of the results in the soil bin, one treatment was carried out twice. As Figure 22 shows, results were repeatable if the soil bin was prepared to the same initial conditions and the same treatment was applied for a 600 mm section width tyre laden to 10.5 t and inflated to 2.2 bar (680/10.5/2.2). Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 32
Laboratory Studies Into Undercarriage Systems Depth, mm 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Penetrometer Resistance, MPa 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 Figure 22: Repeated treatments with near identical initials and results: ♦ 680/10.5/2.2 Test 1; ■ 680/10.5/2.2 Test 1; Δ Initial Test 1; and × Initial Test 2 3.1.2 Evaluation of Travel Speed Aboaba (1969) pointed out the influence of speed of travel in relation to the sinkage of a roller pulled over a loose soil surface. From this work arose the question as to whether the speed of 0.85 m/s used for the investigations by Ansorge (2005, a) causes a much higher soil compaction than field work carried out at 1.5 - 2 m/s. For this investigation three speeds were chosen, 0.28 m/s as the slow variant, 0.85 m/s as normal speed, and 1.52 m/s as high speed. The tyre used was a 900/65 R32 Continental laden to 5 t and inflated to 0.5 bar. 3.1.2.1 Penetrometer Resistance The penetrometer resistances for the three speeds for the 900/5/0.5 tyre are shown in Figure 23. An increase in speed decreased penetrometer resistance. Statistically signifi- cantly different were only the run at 0.28 m/s compared to the one at 0.85 m/s. The deepest reading of the run at 1.52 m/s was an outlier caused by the penetrometer hitting the con- crete floor of the soil bin. There was no statistically significant difference in penetrometer resistance between the runs at 0.85 m/s and the one at 1.52 m/s. Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 33
Page 1 and 2: Cranfield University School of Appl
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Ancillary experiments show
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
Page 15 and 16: Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
Page 19 and 20: Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction a) the soil compaction
Page 25 and 26: Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
Page 27 and 28: Experimental Methods had been mount
Page 29 and 30: Experimental Methods track; the loa
Page 31 and 32: Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
Page 33 and 34: Experimental Methods term. In the m
Page 35 and 36: Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
Page 37 and 38: Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
Page 39 and 40: Experimental Methods ence surface c
Page 41 and 42: Experimental Methods chine derives
Page 43 and 44: Experimental Methods depth. The dat
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Methods with water and
Page 47: Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
Page 51 and 52: Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
Page 77 and 78: Field Study With Full Size Combine
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
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Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
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Soil Compaction Models average of m
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models ture content
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Soil Compaction Models with four ot
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Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
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Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
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Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
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Soil Compaction Models The approach
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Soil Compaction Models surface stay
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Soil Compaction Models This result
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Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
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Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
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Soil Compaction Models pressure to
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Soil Compaction Models The response
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Soil Compaction Models On medium so
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Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
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Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
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Ancillary Experiments Average conta
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Ancillary Experiments In order to c
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Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
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Ancillary Experiments track and the
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Ancillary Experiments even when hav
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
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Ancillary Experiments The results f
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
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Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
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Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
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Ancillary Experiments model which o
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
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Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
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Ancillary Experiments contact area.
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Ancillary Experiments soil forward
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Conclusions � The longitudinal so
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Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
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Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
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Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
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Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
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Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
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Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
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Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
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Appendix comparison at the deepest
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Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
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Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
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Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
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Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
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Appendix Adapting critical state so
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Appendix density is obtained by add
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Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
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Appendix choice of a concentration
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Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
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Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
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Appendix To summarize the ability t
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Appendix In the following the predi
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Appendix concentration factor of 4,
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Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
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Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
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Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
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Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
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Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
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Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
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Appendix with a slight deviation fr
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Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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