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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarriage Systems Table 5: Whole machine configurations used and abbreviation (Red = Modern Harvester with total load of 30 t and wide front tyre; Green = Modern Harvester with total load of 33 t and Terra Trac on front axle; Blue = Modern Harvester with total load of 30 t and narrow tyre option; Brown = Alternative Wheel Configurations with 30 t total machine load; Grey = Older Machine with 11 t on medium tyre size) Front Axle Rear Axle Tyre Load (t) Inflation Pressure (bar) Tyre Load Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) (t) Inflation Pressure (bar) 38 Abbreviation 900/60 R32 10.5 1.9 710/45-26.5 4.5 1.0 900-700 900/60 R32 10.5 1.9 500/70R24 4.5 2.3 900-500/70 Three Idler Track Three Idler Track 12 - 710/45-26.5 4.5 1.0 Track-700 12 - 500/70R24 4.5 2.3 Track- 500/70 680/85 R32 10.5 2.2 500/85R24 4.5 1.4 680-500/85 680/85 R32 7.5 1.5 680/85R32 7.5 1.5 680-680 680/85 R32 5.5 0.9 710/45-26.5 4.5 1.0 680-700 900/60 R32 5 0.5 3 Passes Same Tyre 900X3 23.1-26 4 1.2 11.5/80-15.3 1.5 2 23-11 680/85 R32 7 1.6 (2) 500/70R24 3.2.1 Penetrometer Resistance (3) 500/85R24 3.5 3.75 1.3 1.1 680Alt Penetrometer resistance for the rear tyres is shown in Figure 26 and was close for all rear tyres with no statistically significant differences. The higher readings at the greatest depths were due to the concrete floor of the bin. The increase in penetrometer resistance caused by additional pass with the rear tyre can be seen in Figure 27 for the track at 12 t and the 900/10.5/1.9. For both the additional pass caused a significant increase in penetrometer resistance, uniformly for the track and with a large increase in the top 400 mm only for the 900 mm section width tyre. Penetrometer resistance for the different undercarriage systems is shown in Figure 28 and differentiates into two distinct groups. Figure 29 contains the group with a high penetrometer resistance at the surface and a decrease with depth. This penetrometer resistance resembles the track like behavior and consequently Figure 29 contains the track-type undercarriage systems (23-11, the 680-700) including multiple passes (900X3 and 680 Alt) as their
Laboratory Studies Into Undercarriage Systems penetrometer resistance has a similar characteristic as the tracks. When taking the 680-700 into consideration, the additional pass of the 680 on the outer side creating a wider rut must be kept in mind as this machine was run on 680 dual tyres on the front axle. Depth (mm) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 700/4.5/1.0 600/4.5/1.4 500-70/4.5/2.3 500-85/4.5/1.4 Control LSD Pemetrometer Resistance (MPa) Figure 26: Penetrometer resistance for the rear tyres Depth (mm) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Penetrometer Resistance (MPa) 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Control Run 900/500 Run Track/500 Track on its own 900/10.5/1.9 on its own Figure 27: Penetrometer resistance with and without influence of rear tyre The second group had a more constant decrease rate with depth in penetrometer resistance and is shown in Figure 30 and resembles the typical penetrometer resistance caused by tyre-type undercarriage systems. Hereby the values were lower at the surface compared to the group with the peak at or close to the surface, yet higher below 250 – 300 mm depth. Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) LSD 39
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Cranfield University School of Appl
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Ancillary experiments show
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
Page 15 and 16: Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
Page 19 and 20: Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction a) the soil compaction
Page 25 and 26: Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
Page 27 and 28: Experimental Methods had been mount
Page 29 and 30: Experimental Methods track; the loa
Page 31 and 32: Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
Page 33 and 34: Experimental Methods term. In the m
Page 35 and 36: Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
Page 37 and 38: Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
Page 39 and 40: Experimental Methods ence surface c
Page 41 and 42: Experimental Methods chine derives
Page 43 and 44: Experimental Methods depth. The dat
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Methods with water and
Page 47 and 48: Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
Page 49 and 50: Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
Page 53: Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
Page 77 and 78: Field Study With Full Size Combine
Page 99 and 100: Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
Page 101 and 102: Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
Page 103 and 104: Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
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Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
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Soil Compaction Models average of m
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models ture content
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Soil Compaction Models with four ot
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Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
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Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
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Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
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Soil Compaction Models The approach
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Soil Compaction Models surface stay
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Soil Compaction Models This result
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Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
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Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
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Soil Compaction Models pressure to
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Soil Compaction Models The response
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Soil Compaction Models On medium so
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Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
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Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
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Ancillary Experiments Average conta
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Ancillary Experiments In order to c
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Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
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Ancillary Experiments track and the
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Ancillary Experiments even when hav
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
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Ancillary Experiments The results f
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
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Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
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Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
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Ancillary Experiments model which o
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
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Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
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Ancillary Experiments contact area.
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Ancillary Experiments soil forward
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Conclusions � The longitudinal so
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Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
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Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
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Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
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Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
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Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
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Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
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Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
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Appendix comparison at the deepest
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Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
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Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
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Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
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Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
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Appendix Adapting critical state so
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Appendix density is obtained by add
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Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
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Appendix choice of a concentration
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Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
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Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
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Appendix To summarize the ability t
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Appendix In the following the predi
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Appendix concentration factor of 4,
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Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
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Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
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Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
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Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
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Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
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Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
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Appendix with a slight deviation fr
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Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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