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Table of Contents 6.6.3 Implications of Triaxial VCLs on predicted Soil Displacement................. 129 6.6.4 Discussion and Conclusions on triaxially gained VCLs............................. 131 6.7 Theoretical Link between Plate Sinkage and Critical State Soil Mechanics Parameters from Literature ............................................................................................ 132 6.8 Sinkage Prediction from Real and Small Scale Plate Sinkage Data ..................... 133 6.8.1 Sinkage of Tyres according to Bekker........................................................ 133 6.8.2 Sinkage of Tracks ....................................................................................... 135 6.9 The Implication of Peak vs. Average Contact Pressure on in-situ VCL............... 136 6.10 Conclusions on Prediction Chapter....................................................................... 137 7 ANCILLARY EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSES ................................................................... 139 7.1 Investigation into Track Behavior causing Strong Surface Layer ........................ 139 7.1.1 Theoretical explanation............................................................................... 139 7.1.2 Longitudinal soil displacement................................................................... 142 7.2 Influence of Lugs on Soil Displacement with Depth ............................................ 146 7.3 Introduction of a new Variable - Load per Perimeter Length ............................... 150 7.3.1 General Problems with Contact Pressure and First Considerations ........... 150 7.3.2 Influence of Contact Shape in Small Scale Experiment ............................. 153 7.3.3 Application of heuristic approach to soil bin data ...................................... 158 7.3.4 Derivation of Load per perimeter length (LPPL) ....................................... 160 7.3.4.1 Variation of plate sinkage with applied load/contact pressure ....... 162 7.3.4.2 The influence of the LPPL for different contact sizes.................... 163 7.3.4.3 Contact Area vs. Perimeter............................................................. 164 7.3.4.4 Interaction of Contact Area and Perimeter ..................................... 164 7.3.5 The Influence of Contact Time................................................................... 167 7.3.6 Influence of LPPL on Predicted and Measured Increase in DBD .............. 168 7.3.7 Discussion, Conclusions, and further recommendations from LPPL......... 169 7.4 Influence of Pressure History on Sinkage ............................................................. 169 7.5 Consideration of Vertical Soil Failure .................................................................. 170 7.6 Conclusions on Ancillary Experiements............................................................... 174 8 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................. 176 9 FURTHER REQUIREMENTS AND PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS ............................................. 178 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................... 179 11 APPENDIX............................................................................................................... 189 List of Diagrams and Tables - Appendix....................................................................... 189 Appendix 1 Further Details on Soil Compaction Models ...................................... 191 11.1.1 Comparison of Soil Compaction Models ......................................... 191 Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) VII
Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparison of Pressure Prediction ..................................... 192 11.1.1.2 Sensitivity Analysis of Soil Compaction Models................ 196 11.1.1.2.3 Conclusion and Outlook ................................................... 202 11.1.2. Derivation of VCL Parameters from Soil Bin ................................ 203 11.1.2.1 Theoretical Considerations.................................................. 203 11.1.2.2 Practical Derivation of VCL Parameters............................. 206 11.1.3 Prediction of Independent Data ........................................................ 210 11.1.4 In-field determination of VCL.......................................................... 216 11.1.4.1 Clay Soil .............................................................................. 216 11.1.4.2 Sandy Loam Soil ................................................................. 217 11.1.5 Triaxial Justification of VCL............................................................ 220 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressure Applied ................................................ 221 11.1.5.2 Axial and Radial Pressure ................................................... 225 11.1.5.3 Implications of Triaxial VCLs on predicted Results........... 231 11.1.6 VCL from Plate Sinkage Data from Triaxial Cell............................ 234 11.1.7 Sinkage Prediction from Real and Small Scale Plate Sinkage Data. 236 11.1.7.1 Theory of Bekker – Sinkage Equations for Tyres ............... 236 11.1.7.2 Theory of Bekker – Sinkage Equations for Tracks ............. 237 11.1.7.3 Bekker-Theory applied........................................................ 238 Appendix 2 Footprint Characteristics..................................................................... 242 Appendix 3 Gravimetrically measured dry bulk density........................................ 242 Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) VIII
Page 1 and 2: Cranfield University School of Appl
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Ancillary experiments show
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 7: Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
Page 15 and 16: Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
Page 19 and 20: Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction a) the soil compaction
Page 25 and 26: Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
Page 27 and 28: Experimental Methods had been mount
Page 29 and 30: Experimental Methods track; the loa
Page 31 and 32: Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
Page 33 and 34: Experimental Methods term. In the m
Page 35 and 36: Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
Page 37 and 38: Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
Page 39 and 40: Experimental Methods ence surface c
Page 41 and 42: Experimental Methods chine derives
Page 43 and 44: Experimental Methods depth. The dat
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Methods with water and
Page 47 and 48: Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
Page 49 and 50: Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Field Study With Full Size Combine
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
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Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
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Soil Compaction Models average of m
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models ture content
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Soil Compaction Models with four ot
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Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
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Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
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Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
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Soil Compaction Models The approach
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Soil Compaction Models surface stay
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Soil Compaction Models This result
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Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
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Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
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Soil Compaction Models pressure to
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Soil Compaction Models The response
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Soil Compaction Models On medium so
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Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
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Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
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Ancillary Experiments Average conta
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Ancillary Experiments In order to c
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Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
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Ancillary Experiments track and the
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Ancillary Experiments even when hav
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
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Ancillary Experiments The results f
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
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Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
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Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
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Ancillary Experiments model which o
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
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Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
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Ancillary Experiments contact area.
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Ancillary Experiments soil forward
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Conclusions � The longitudinal so
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Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
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Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
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Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
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Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
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Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
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Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
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Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
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Appendix comparison at the deepest
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Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
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Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
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Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
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Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
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Appendix Adapting critical state so
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Appendix density is obtained by add
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Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
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Appendix choice of a concentration
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Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
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Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
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Appendix To summarize the ability t
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Appendix In the following the predi
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Appendix concentration factor of 4,
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Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
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Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
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Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
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Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
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Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
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Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
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Appendix with a slight deviation fr
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Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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