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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.4.3 Contact Area vs. Perimeter These results show no coherent picture for the small scale plates between contact pressure, LPPL, and soil density increase. Therefore in Figure 127 LPPL is plotted against contact pressure for the soil bin experiment and shows two near linear relationships depending on axle load. If both, the contact pressure and LPPL data are divided by the corresponding load resulting in perimeter length and contact area which is plotted on the right hand side of Figure 127, their relationship appears to be linear. To ease further comparison, soil density increase will now be corrected for its influence of load, too. Load per Perimeter Length (t/m) 3,2 3,0 2,8 2,6 2,4 2,2 2,0 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Contact Presssure (kPa) Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) Perimeter Length (m) 6,5 6,0 5,5 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 164 2,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 Contact Area (m 2 Contact Area (m ) 2 ) Figure 127: LPPL vs. contact pressure (left) and perimeter length vs. contact area (right) 7.3.4.4 Interaction of Contact Area and Perimeter Since the previous Sections implied that both contact pressure and LPPL appear to have an influence on soil density increase, the following model was tested next on the soil bin experiment: Rel . DensityIncrease � ContactArea � PerimeterLength � ContactArea * PerimeterLength Eq. 10 The resulting prediction of the soil density increase is shown on the left of Figure 128 whereby a high correlation coefficient was achieved and the slope was equal to one. How- ever, following the statistical analysis, the parameter “contact area” dropped out of this full
Ancillary Experiments model which only marginally decreased the correlation coefficient as can be seen from the right hand side in Figure 128. The slight disadvantage of the prediction model was that both times the intercept was statistically significant, which ideally should be zero as at a measured density increase of zero the predicted one should be zero, too. Measured Rel. Density Increase 0,00035 0,0003 0,00025 0,0002 0,00015 0,0001 0,00005 y = x - 6E-08 R 2 y = x - 6E-08 R = 0,945 2 = 0,945 0 0 0,00005 0,0001 0,00015 0,0002 0,00025 0,0003 0,00035 Predicted Rel. Density Increase Measured Rel. Density Increase 0,00035 0,0003 0,00025 0,0002 0,00015 0,0001 0,00005 y = 1,0001x - 2E-08 R 2 y = 1,0001x - 2E-08 R = 0,9326 2 = 0,9326 Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 165 0 0 0,00005 0,0001 0,00015 0,0002 0,00025 0,0003 0,00035 Predicted Rel. Density Increase Figure 128: Measured vs. predicted relative density increase; full (left) and reduced model (right) Therefore a further approach was heuristically taken whereby the relative density increase was described with the reciprocal of both contact area and perimeter length. Additionally the reciprocal of the interaction term again allowed an interaction between both. The result of the regression line is shown in Figure 129 on the left hand side. The correlation coefficient is highest and the slope virtually equal to one. All three parameters significantly de- scribe the behavior and more importantly compared to the previous approach, the intercept is the only parameter not having a significant influence in explaining the data. Measured Rel. Density Increase 0,00035 0,0003 0,00025 0,0002 0,00015 0,0001 0,00005 y = 0,9996x+ 2E-08 R 2 R = 0,9556 2 = 0,9556 0 0 0,0000 0,0001 0,0001 0,0002 0,0002 0,0003 0,0003 5 5 5 5 Predicted Rel. Density Increase Measured Measured Rel. Density Increase 0,00035 0,0003 0,00025 0,0002 0,00015 0,0001 0,00005 y = x + 2E-09 R 2 R = 0,8495 2 = 0,8495 0 0 0,0000 0,0001 0,0001 0,0002 0,0002 0,0003 0,0003 5 5 5 5 Predicted Rel. Density Increase Figure 129: Measured vs. predicted relative density increase using reciprocals of Eq. 10; full (left) and empirically reduced (right) model If the interaction term is not taken into consideration (right hand side of Figure 129) the correlation coefficient drops significantly and moreover the two remaining parameters are not significant anymore in describing the variation of the data.
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Cranfield University School of Appl
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Abstract Ancillary experiments show
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
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Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
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Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
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Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
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Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
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Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
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Introduction a) the soil compaction
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Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
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Experimental Methods had been mount
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Experimental Methods track; the loa
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Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
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Experimental Methods term. In the m
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Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
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Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
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Experimental Methods ence surface c
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Experimental Methods chine derives
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Experimental Methods depth. The dat
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Experimental Methods with water and
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Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Field Study With Full Size Combine
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
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Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
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Soil Compaction Models average of m
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models ture content
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Soil Compaction Models with four ot
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Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
Page 129 and 130: Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
Page 131 and 132: Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
Page 133 and 134: Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
Page 135 and 136: Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
Page 137 and 138: Soil Compaction Models The approach
Page 139 and 140: Soil Compaction Models surface stay
Page 141 and 142: Soil Compaction Models This result
Page 143 and 144: Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
Page 145 and 146: Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
Page 147 and 148: Soil Compaction Models pressure to
Page 149 and 150: Soil Compaction Models The response
Page 151 and 152: Soil Compaction Models On medium so
Page 153 and 154: Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
Page 155 and 156: Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
Page 157 and 158: Ancillary Experiments Average conta
Page 159 and 160: Ancillary Experiments In order to c
Page 161 and 162: Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
Page 163 and 164: Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
Page 165 and 166: Ancillary Experiments track and the
Page 167 and 168: Ancillary Experiments even when hav
Page 169 and 170: Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
Page 171 and 172: Ancillary Experiments The results f
Page 173 and 174: Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
Page 175 and 176: Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
Page 177 and 178: Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
Page 179: Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
Page 183 and 184: Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
Page 185 and 186: Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
Page 187 and 188: Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
Page 189 and 190: Ancillary Experiments contact area.
Page 191 and 192: Ancillary Experiments soil forward
Page 193 and 194: Conclusions � The longitudinal so
Page 195 and 196: Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
Page 197 and 198: Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
Page 199 and 200: Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
Page 201 and 202: Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
Page 203 and 204: Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
Page 207 and 208: Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
Page 209 and 210: Appendix comparison at the deepest
Page 211 and 212: Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
Page 213 and 214: Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
Page 215 and 216: Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
Page 217 and 218: Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
Page 219 and 220: Appendix Adapting critical state so
Page 221 and 222: Appendix density is obtained by add
Page 223 and 224: Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
Page 225 and 226: Appendix choice of a concentration
Page 227 and 228: Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
Page 229 and 230: Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
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Appendix To summarize the ability t
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Appendix In the following the predi
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Appendix concentration factor of 4,
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Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
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Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
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Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
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Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
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Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
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Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
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Appendix with a slight deviation fr
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Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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