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Field Study With Full Size Combine Harvesters (2005, a) discussed the importance of taking control and final readings of penetrometer resistance from the same spot due to soil differences, but this did not apply on these field sites as it could be shown that the controls for different treatments were identical. In general penetrometer resistance readings were not very sensitive in picking up differences between the treatments due to the high moisture content of 21 % for the sandy loam field and 36 % of the clay field. 4.1.2.1 Penetrometer Resistance on Clay On the clay site there were no differences between the treatments and even not between the treatments and the control. The controls for all treatments are shown in Figure 53 and do not exhibit any difference. The average of all controls vs. the average of each treatment is shown in Figure 54. From the LSD plotted it could be seen that there were no statistically significant differences, al- though a denser soil was indicated as far as 200 - 300 mm depth for the control vs. treatment groups as both the track and the tyre were consistently higher than the control. The treatment with the high inflation pressure always interfered with the control line. This could be due to both less replications taken for the high inflation pressure treatment and the high initial variation within the data expressed in the large LSD. Depth (mm) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Penetrometer Resistance (MPa) 0 1 2 3 4 5 Control Tyre Control Track Control High LSD Figure 53: Penetrometer resistance for the controls on the clay side Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 68
Field Study With Full Size Combine Harvesters Depth (mm) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Pen etrom e ter Res is tance (M Pa) 0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 Average Control Figure 54: Penetrometer resistance for clay control and the pass of a wheeled, tracked and a wheeled machine with high inflation pressure Clay penetrometer resistance was influenced by the clay sticking to the cone and shaft due to the high moisture content. It was not significantly affected by the single treatment. Inter- esting to note was the increased variation below 250 to 300 mm depth. During the excava- tion of the fishing hooks the reason became clear. It was the maximum working depth ranging to about 250 mm depth on this field. Below 250 mm the AP horizon changed to a B/C horizon of virgin clay mixed with stones. 4.1.2.2 Penetrometer Resistance on Shallow Tilled Sandy Loam Controls for different treatments in the shallow tilled sandy loam soil are shown in Figure 55. There were no significant differences so one control was used. Similar to the clay data, there were no significant differences between either the runs them- selves or even the control and the run as obvious from Figure 56. Because of the amount of interference amongst the different treatments close to the surface it did not allow any con- clusion. Maximum working depth on the clay was found to be between 250 – 300 mm; in the shallow tilled sandy loam it seemed to be at about 300 mm depth from the graph. This was confirmed when excavating the fishing hooks. Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) Tyre Track High LSD 69
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Cranfield University School of Appl
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Abstract Ancillary experiments show
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
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Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
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Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
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Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
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Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
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Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
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Introduction a) the soil compaction
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Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
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Experimental Methods had been mount
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Experimental Methods track; the loa
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Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
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Page 35 and 36: Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
Page 37 and 38: Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
Page 39 and 40: Experimental Methods ence surface c
Page 41 and 42: Experimental Methods chine derives
Page 43 and 44: Experimental Methods depth. The dat
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Methods with water and
Page 47 and 48: Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
Page 49 and 50: Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
Page 77 and 78: Field Study With Full Size Combine
Page 83: Field Study With Full Size Combine
Page 99 and 100: Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
Page 101 and 102: Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
Page 103 and 104: Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
Page 105 and 106: Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
Page 107 and 108: Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
Page 109 and 110: Soil Compaction Models depends on t
Page 111 and 112: Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
Page 113 and 114: Soil Compaction Models however, the
Page 115 and 116: Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
Page 117 and 118: Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
Page 119 and 120: Soil Compaction Models average of m
Page 121 and 122: Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
Page 123 and 124: Soil Compaction Models ture content
Page 125 and 126: Soil Compaction Models with four ot
Page 127 and 128: Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
Page 129 and 130: Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
Page 131 and 132: Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
Page 133 and 134: Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
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Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
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Soil Compaction Models The approach
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Soil Compaction Models surface stay
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Soil Compaction Models This result
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Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
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Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
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Soil Compaction Models pressure to
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Soil Compaction Models The response
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Soil Compaction Models On medium so
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Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
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Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
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Ancillary Experiments Average conta
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Ancillary Experiments In order to c
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Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
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Ancillary Experiments track and the
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Ancillary Experiments even when hav
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
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Ancillary Experiments The results f
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
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Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
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Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
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Ancillary Experiments model which o
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
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Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
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Ancillary Experiments contact area.
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Ancillary Experiments soil forward
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Conclusions � The longitudinal so
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Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
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Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
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Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
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Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
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Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
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Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
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Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
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Appendix comparison at the deepest
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Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
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Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
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Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
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Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
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Appendix Adapting critical state so
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Appendix density is obtained by add
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Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
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Appendix choice of a concentration
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Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
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Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
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Appendix To summarize the ability t
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Appendix In the following the predi
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Appendix concentration factor of 4,
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Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
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Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
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Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
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Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
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Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
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Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
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Appendix with a slight deviation fr
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Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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