Cranfield University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Field Study With Full Size Combine Harvesters Analyzing the interaction of treatment and group is shown in Table 22. Due to the large variances the amount of significant differences was small, but the trends agreed with pre- vious data in this chapter, the thesis and in Ansorge (2005, a). Table 22: Estimated DBD for treatments and controls, statistically identical DBD followed by the same letter Effect Estimated DBD (g/cc) SE DF Control Clay 1.271 a 0.034 29 Control Sandy Loam Shallow Tilled (SLT) 1.463 b 0.034 29 Control Sandy Loam Subsoiled (SLS) 1.323 a 0.034 29 High Inflation Pressure on Clay 1.318 a 0.042 29 High Inflation Pressure on SLT 1.563 c 0.034 29 High Inflation Pressure on SLS 1.672 d 0.034 29 Normal Inflation Pressure on Clay 1.349 a 0.030 29 Normal Inflation Pressure on SLT 1.597 c e 0.030 29 Normal Inflation Pressure on SLS 1.605 d e 0.030 29 Tracked Machine on Clay 1.333 a 0.030 29 Tracked Machine on SLT 1.581 c e 0.030 29 Tracked Machine on SLS 1.582 d e 0.030 29 The moisture content on the clay site was 36 % and on the sandy loam subsoiled part 20.5 % and the shallow tilled part 21.5 %. 4.1.5 Density Measurements with Nuclear Density Gauge Figure 62 shows the DBD before and after the passage of tracked, wheeled and high in- flated wheeled combine harvesters in the field on the different field sites. Statistically ac- counting for treatment and depth was significant in explaining the variation. There was no interaction between depth and treatment, showing for all treatments a similar behavior with depth. Figure 62 a) shows the results for the clay soil where the DBD for the control was in tendency higher than after the passage of the machines. Apart from the machine at high inflation pressure the control and the passage were not significantly different from each other however, the experiment has a smaller value than the control. This was interesting as it would mean that driving over the soil with a combine harvester would in fact loosen the soil. As this was not possible, it could only be due to the swelling of the clay caused by Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 78
Field Study With Full Size Combine Harvesters precipitation in-between taking control measurements and taking measurements after the experiment. This was indicated by the soil moisture content, too, which was lower when the control measurement was taken. Due to the questionable results on the clay soil no fur- ther discussion will be made. It showed the accuracy or better inaccuracy of the transmit- ting radiation method in determining DBD. Dry Bulk Density (g/cm 3 ) Dry Bulk Density (g/cm 3 ) Dry Bulk Density (g/cm 3 ) 1,4 1,35 1,3 1,25 1,2 1,15 1,75 1,65 1,55 1,45 1,4 1,35 1,7 1,65 1,6 1,55 1,5 1,45 1,4 1,35 1,3 1,7 1,6 1,5 Track Tire (2.5 bar) Tire (3.5 bar) Track Tire (2.5 bar) Tire (3.5 bar) Track Tire (2.5 bar) Tire (3.5 bar) Control Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) Run Control Run Control Figure 62: Gamma ray dry bulk density measured for clay (a); sandy loam shallow tilled (b); sandy loam subsoiled (c). Run a) b) c) 79
Page 1 and 2:
Cranfield University School of Appl
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract Ancillary experiments show
Page 5 and 6:
Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 7 and 8:
Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
Page 9 and 10:
Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
Page 11 and 12:
List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
Page 13 and 14:
List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
Page 15 and 16:
Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
Page 17 and 18:
Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
Page 19 and 20:
Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
Page 21 and 22:
Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
Page 23 and 24:
Introduction a) the soil compaction
Page 25 and 26:
Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
Page 27 and 28:
Experimental Methods had been mount
Page 29 and 30:
Experimental Methods track; the loa
Page 31 and 32:
Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
Page 33 and 34:
Experimental Methods term. In the m
Page 35 and 36:
Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
Page 37 and 38:
Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
Page 39 and 40:
Experimental Methods ence surface c
Page 41 and 42:
Experimental Methods chine derives
Page 43 and 44: Experimental Methods depth. The dat
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Methods with water and
Page 47 and 48: Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
Page 49 and 50: Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
Page 77 and 78: Field Study With Full Size Combine
Page 93: Field Study With Full Size Combine
Page 99 and 100: Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
Page 101 and 102: Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
Page 103 and 104: Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
Page 105 and 106: Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
Page 107 and 108: Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
Page 109 and 110: Soil Compaction Models depends on t
Page 111 and 112: Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
Page 113 and 114: Soil Compaction Models however, the
Page 115 and 116: Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
Page 117 and 118: Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
Page 119 and 120: Soil Compaction Models average of m
Page 121 and 122: Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
Page 123 and 124: Soil Compaction Models ture content
Page 125 and 126: Soil Compaction Models with four ot
Page 127 and 128: Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
Page 129 and 130: Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
Page 131 and 132: Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
Page 133 and 134: Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
Page 135 and 136: Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
Page 137 and 138: Soil Compaction Models The approach
Page 139 and 140: Soil Compaction Models surface stay
Page 141 and 142: Soil Compaction Models This result
Page 143 and 144: Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
Page 145 and 146:
Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
Page 147 and 148:
Soil Compaction Models pressure to
Page 149 and 150:
Soil Compaction Models The response
Page 151 and 152:
Soil Compaction Models On medium so
Page 153 and 154:
Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
Page 155 and 156:
Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
Page 157 and 158:
Ancillary Experiments Average conta
Page 159 and 160:
Ancillary Experiments In order to c
Page 161 and 162:
Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
Page 163 and 164:
Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
Page 165 and 166:
Ancillary Experiments track and the
Page 167 and 168:
Ancillary Experiments even when hav
Page 169 and 170:
Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
Page 171 and 172:
Ancillary Experiments The results f
Page 173 and 174:
Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
Page 175 and 176:
Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
Page 177 and 178:
Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
Page 179 and 180:
Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
Page 181 and 182:
Ancillary Experiments model which o
Page 183 and 184:
Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
Page 185 and 186:
Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
Page 187 and 188:
Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
Page 189 and 190:
Ancillary Experiments contact area.
Page 191 and 192:
Ancillary Experiments soil forward
Page 193 and 194:
Conclusions � The longitudinal so
Page 195 and 196:
Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
Page 197 and 198:
Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
Page 199 and 200:
Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
Page 201 and 202:
Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
Page 203 and 204:
Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
Page 205 and 206:
Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
Page 207 and 208:
Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
Page 209 and 210:
Appendix comparison at the deepest
Page 211 and 212:
Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
Page 213 and 214:
Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
Page 215 and 216:
Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
Page 217 and 218:
Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
Page 219 and 220:
Appendix Adapting critical state so
Page 221 and 222:
Appendix density is obtained by add
Page 223 and 224:
Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
Page 225 and 226:
Appendix choice of a concentration
Page 227 and 228:
Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
Page 229 and 230:
Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
Page 231 and 232:
Appendix To summarize the ability t
Page 233 and 234:
Appendix In the following the predi
Page 235 and 236:
Appendix concentration factor of 4,
Page 237 and 238:
Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
Page 239 and 240:
Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
Page 241 and 242:
Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
Page 243 and 244:
Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
Page 245 and 246:
Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
Page 247 and 248:
Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
Page 249 and 250:
Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
Page 251 and 252:
Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
Page 253 and 254:
Appendix � z � � �� k c p
Page 255 and 256:
Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
Page 257 and 258:
Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
Page 259 and 260:
Appendix with a slight deviation fr
Page 261:
Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
show all

Cranfield University

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?