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Ancillary Experiments Load (t) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 High Axle Load Low Axle Load 0,00 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 Soil Deformation (1/100 * % Increase in DBD) Figure 109: Load vs. soil deformation for tyre and track treatments In a next step, load was plotted against contact pressure which is shown in Figure 110. In- teresting to note is that the range of contact pressures for the two different load groups overlaps completely and not only partially as in Figure 109. In Figure 110 there is no indi- cation that contact pressure is influenced by axle load, it merely spreads less at low axle load. Load (t) 12 High Axle Load 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Low Axle Load 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Contact Pressure (kPa) Figure 110: Load vs. contact pressure for tyre and track treatments Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 152
Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influence of Contact Shape in Small Scale Experiment The spread of data shown in Figure 108 with density increase plotted vs. contact pressure lead to the idea that contact geometry could have an influence. Hence, the aim was to in- vestigate the soil behavior with different small scale plate shapes and loads simulating soil bin conditions and investigating the influence of plate geometry on sinkage. With the plate sinkage procedure as described in 2.3.2 three plates of identical surface area (and hence contact pressure at identical loads) but different geometry were tested, a circular, a square (representing a possible tyre contact area), and a rectangular plate (exaggerat- ing the length to width ratio of a track by 9 %), respectively. The area of each plate is 2800 mm 2 and the plates are shown in Figure 111. Each plate was tested three times at tempo- rally average loads of 0.236 kN corresponding to 84 kPa and 0.374 kN corresponding to 132 kPa for 1.8 s whereby the load application simulated that of a tyre pass as shown on the left hand side in Figure 21. The resulting sinkage for the three replications and treatments with an average load of 0.236 kN is plotted in Figure 112. The track shaped plate caused the least sinkage and the square plate was identical to the circular plate except for the 2 nd replication. Thus a differ- ence between the rectangular shaped plate compared to the circular and square plate can be shown. However, no clear benefit of a square to a circular plate could be shown. The corresponding force history is shown Figure 113. As visible from Figure 113 the load application was well repeated as all curves overlap. The unsteadiness of the force during the proc- ess of taking off load is due to the slow response of the force controller in comparison to the relaxation characteristic of the soil. Tyres: 1:1 – 1:2 Terra Trac: 1:4 1:1 1:4.5 Figure 111: Plate geometry with equal area and varying perimeter length Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 153
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Cranfield University School of Appl
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Abstract Ancillary experiments show
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
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Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
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Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
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Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
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Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
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Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
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Introduction a) the soil compaction
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Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
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Experimental Methods had been mount
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Experimental Methods track; the loa
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Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
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Experimental Methods term. In the m
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Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
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Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
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Experimental Methods ence surface c
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Experimental Methods chine derives
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Experimental Methods depth. The dat
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Experimental Methods with water and
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Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Field Study With Full Size Combine
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
Page 117 and 118: Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
Page 119 and 120: Soil Compaction Models average of m
Page 121 and 122: Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
Page 123 and 124: Soil Compaction Models ture content
Page 125 and 126: Soil Compaction Models with four ot
Page 127 and 128: Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
Page 129 and 130: Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
Page 131 and 132: Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
Page 133 and 134: Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
Page 135 and 136: Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
Page 137 and 138: Soil Compaction Models The approach
Page 139 and 140: Soil Compaction Models surface stay
Page 141 and 142: Soil Compaction Models This result
Page 143 and 144: Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
Page 145 and 146: Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
Page 147 and 148: Soil Compaction Models pressure to
Page 149 and 150: Soil Compaction Models The response
Page 151 and 152: Soil Compaction Models On medium so
Page 153 and 154: Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
Page 155 and 156: Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
Page 157 and 158: Ancillary Experiments Average conta
Page 159 and 160: Ancillary Experiments In order to c
Page 161 and 162: Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
Page 163 and 164: Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
Page 165 and 166: Ancillary Experiments track and the
Page 167: Ancillary Experiments even when hav
Page 171 and 172: Ancillary Experiments The results f
Page 173 and 174: Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
Page 175 and 176: Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
Page 177 and 178: Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
Page 179 and 180: Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
Page 181 and 182: Ancillary Experiments model which o
Page 183 and 184: Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
Page 185 and 186: Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
Page 187 and 188: Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
Page 189 and 190: Ancillary Experiments contact area.
Page 191 and 192: Ancillary Experiments soil forward
Page 193 and 194: Conclusions � The longitudinal so
Page 195 and 196: Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
Page 197 and 198: Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
Page 199 and 200: Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
Page 201 and 202: Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
Page 203 and 204: Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
Page 207 and 208: Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
Page 209 and 210: Appendix comparison at the deepest
Page 211 and 212: Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
Page 213 and 214: Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
Page 215 and 216: Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
Page 217 and 218: Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
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Appendix Adapting critical state so
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Appendix density is obtained by add
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Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
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Appendix choice of a concentration
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Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
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Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
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Appendix To summarize the ability t
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Appendix In the following the predi
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Appendix concentration factor of 4,
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Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
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Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
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Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
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Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
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Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
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Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
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Appendix with a slight deviation fr
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Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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