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Appendix Rel. Density 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 0 y = -0,2432Ln(x) + 2,6726 R 2 =0,8698 y =-0,123Ln(x) +2,4221 R 2 =1 10 100 1000 Pressure (kPa) Figure 7: Virgin compression line for sandy loam soils ■ from O’Sullivan et al. (1998) and ♦ from the soil bin studies based on the average density increases from Ansorge and Godwin (2007) To validate the heuristically chosen � = 5 the 900/10.5/1.9 experiment was evaluated for a smaller � of 4, representing a denser soil. P for � = 4 was calculated using the dependencies of � 2 and � 3 on � 1 from Table 6. The slope (-0.2432) of the resulting VCL is identical to the slope for � =5. The intercept of 2.6929 is larger than the one which was derived from � =5 (2.6726). The overall effect of changing � is evaluated in Figure 9 whereby the prediction of the 900/10.5/1.9 for � = 4 is compared to both the measured data and the predictions for � =5. The smaller � results in a larger deviation of the rut depth at the surface and only a close agreement between measured and predicted data below 400 mm compared to the measured soil displacement. The smaller rut depth for � = 4 is followed by a larger decrease in soil displacement within the top 250 mm resulting in a smaller soil displacement over the entire depth of the soil profile. Transferring the observations from Figure 9 for the 900/10.5/1.9 back to the other treatments, shown in Figure 8, results in a general reduction in predicted soil displacement which consequently reduces the overall close agreement shown Figure 10. Therefore the selection of � =5 is justified as this shows overall a closer agreement. Fitting linear regression functions through the top 500 mm of the measured and predicted data of Figure 8 estimating the average increase in soil density as described by Ansorge and Godwin (2007a) and plotting the measured against predicted average density increase results in close agreement as shown in Figure 10 to within +/- 2 % errors. The data is spread uniformly around the line of slope 1 and does not exhibit a general offset confirming the Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 207
Appendix choice of a concentration factor equal to 5. Fitting a linear regression line shows a marginal overprediction of 0.8 % and the R 2 = 0.85 confirms the general fit. Depth(mm) Depth(mm) Depth(mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0 300,0 400,0 500,0 600,0 700,0 800,0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0,0 100,0 200,0 300,0 400,0 500,0 600,0 700,0 800,0 800/10.5/2.5 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Deformation(mm) 0 20 40 60 80 100 Deformation(mm) 900/10.5/1.9 Deformation(mm) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 500-85/4.5/1.4 Depth (mm) Depth(mm) Depth (mm) Deformation(mm) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0,0 100,0 200,0 300,0 400,0 500,0 600,0 700,0 800,0 800/10.5/2.5 Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 0,0 100,0 200,0 300,0 400,0 500,0 600,0 700,0 800,0 0,0 100,0 200,0 300,0 400,0 500,0 600,0 700,0 800,0 Deformation(mm) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 680/10.5/2.2 0 10 20 30 Deformation (mm) 40 50 60 70 80 600/4.5/1.4 Figure 8: Measured (■) and predicted (♦) soil displacement for tyres with a Depth (mm) 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 concentration factor of 5. The least significant difference (LSD) at 95 % is also shown Deformation (mm) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Figure 9: Measured soil displacement (♦), predicted soil displacement with concentration factors of 4 (+) and 5 (■), respectively, vs. depth for a 900/10.5/1.9 tyre 208
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Cranfield University School of Appl
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Abstract Ancillary experiments show
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
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Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
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Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
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Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
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Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
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Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
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Introduction a) the soil compaction
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Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
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Experimental Methods had been mount
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Experimental Methods track; the loa
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Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
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Experimental Methods term. In the m
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Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
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Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
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Experimental Methods ence surface c
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Experimental Methods chine derives
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Experimental Methods depth. The dat
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Experimental Methods with water and
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Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Field Study With Full Size Combine
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
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Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
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Soil Compaction Models average of m
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models ture content
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Soil Compaction Models with four ot
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Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
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Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
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Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
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Soil Compaction Models The approach
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Soil Compaction Models surface stay
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Soil Compaction Models This result
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Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
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Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
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Soil Compaction Models pressure to
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Soil Compaction Models The response
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Soil Compaction Models On medium so
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Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
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Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
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Ancillary Experiments Average conta
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Ancillary Experiments In order to c
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Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
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Ancillary Experiments track and the
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Ancillary Experiments even when hav
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
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Ancillary Experiments The results f
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Page 175 and 176: Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
Page 177 and 178: Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
Page 179 and 180: Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
Page 181 and 182: Ancillary Experiments model which o
Page 183 and 184: Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
Page 185 and 186: Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
Page 187 and 188: Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
Page 189 and 190: Ancillary Experiments contact area.
Page 191 and 192: Ancillary Experiments soil forward
Page 193 and 194: Conclusions � The longitudinal so
Page 195 and 196: Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
Page 197 and 198: Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
Page 199 and 200: Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
Page 201 and 202: Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
Page 203 and 204: Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
Page 207 and 208: Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
Page 209 and 210: Appendix comparison at the deepest
Page 211 and 212: Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
Page 213 and 214: Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
Page 215 and 216: Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
Page 217 and 218: Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
Page 219 and 220: Appendix Adapting critical state so
Page 221 and 222: Appendix density is obtained by add
Page 223: Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
Page 227 and 228: Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
Page 229 and 230: Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
Page 231 and 232: Appendix To summarize the ability t
Page 233 and 234: Appendix In the following the predi
Page 235 and 236: Appendix concentration factor of 4,
Page 237 and 238: Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
Page 239 and 240: Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
Page 241 and 242: Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
Page 243 and 244: Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
Page 245 and 246: Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
Page 247 and 248: Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
Page 249 and 250: Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
Page 251 and 252: Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
Page 253 and 254: Appendix � z � � �� k c p
Page 255 and 256: Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
Page 257 and 258: Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
Page 259 and 260: Appendix with a slight deviation fr
Page 261: Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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