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Table of Contents 2.3.2 Plate Sinkage Procedure ............................................................................... 29 2.4 Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................. 31 3 LABORATORY STUDIES INTO UNDERCARRIAGE SYSTEMS ................................................ 32 3.1 Introductory Study into Soil Laboratory Settings ................................................... 32 3.1.1 Repeatability of Results ................................................................................ 32 3.1.2 Evaluation of Travel Speed........................................................................... 33 3.1.2.1 Penetrometer Resistance................................................................... 33 3.1.2.2 Soil Displacement............................................................................. 34 3.1.2.3 Rut Parameters.................................................................................. 35 3.1.2.4 Discussion and Conclusion............................................................... 36 3.1.3 Gravimetrically Measured Dry Bulk Density............................................... 36 3.2 Evaluation of Implement Tyres and Whole Combine Harvesters........................... 37 3.2.1 Penetrometer Resistance ............................................................................... 38 3.2.2 Soil Displacement ......................................................................................... 41 3.2.3 Rut Parameters.............................................................................................. 45 3.2.4 Discussion and Conclusions ......................................................................... 46 3.3 Track Studies........................................................................................................... 48 3.3.1 Evaluation of the Effect of Rubber Belt Tension ......................................... 48 3.3.1.1 Penetrometer Resistance................................................................... 48 3.3.1.2 Soil Displacement............................................................................. 49 3.3.1.3 Pressure Profiles ............................................................................... 50 3.3.1.4 Discussion and Conclusions ............................................................. 51 3.3.2 Evaluation of Different Types of Rubber Tracks ......................................... 52 3.3.2.1 Penetrometer Resistance................................................................... 53 3.3.2.2 Soil Displacement............................................................................. 53 3.3.2.3 Longitudinal Pressure Profiles.......................................................... 54 3.3.2.4 Rut Parameters for Belt Tension and Track Evaluation................... 56 3.3.2.5 Discussion and Conclusions ............................................................. 57 3.4 Interactions of Carriage System, Load, and Speed on Soil Displacement.............. 58 3.5 Conclusions on Soil Bin Laboratory Study............................................................. 59 4 FIELD STUDY WITH FULL SIZE COMBINE HARVESTERS ................................................... 61 4.1 Results of the field experiment................................................................................ 61 4.1.1 Soil Displacement ......................................................................................... 61 4.1.1.1 Clay Soil ........................................................................................... 62 4.1.1.2 Sandy Loam Subsoiled ..................................................................... 64 4.1.1.3 Sandy Loam Soil Shallow Tilled...................................................... 66 4.1.2 Penetrometer Resistance Results .................................................................. 67 4.1.2.1 Penetrometer Resistance on Clay ..................................................... 68 4.1.2.2 Penetrometer Resistance on Shallow Tilled Sandy Loam................ 69 4.1.2.3 Penetrometer Resistance on Subsoiled Sandy Loam........................ 70 4.1.2.4 Summary of Penetrometer Resistance on Sandy Loam.................... 72 Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) V
Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of Rut Depth................................................................................... 72 4.1.4 Gravimetrical Dry Bulk Density................................................................... 76 4.1.5 Density Measurements with Nuclear Density Gauge ................................... 78 4.2 Discussion and Conclusion on Field Study............................................................. 80 5 ALLEVIATION OF SOIL COMPACTION ................................................................................ 82 5.1 Literature Review.................................................................................................... 82 5.2 Draught Force for Subsoiler in Laboratory Study................................................... 83 5.2.1 Consequence of Draught Force for Subsoiler in Real Situations ................. 83 5.3 Draught Forces of Subsoiler in Field Situation....................................................... 87 5.4 Discussion and Conclusions on Draught Force....................................................... 89 6 SOIL COMPACTION MODELS ............................................................................................. 90 6.1 Literature Review.................................................................................................... 90 6.1.1 Theoretical Background of Soil Compaction Models .................................. 91 6.1.2 Latest Soil Compaction Models.................................................................... 92 6.1.3 Approaches to derive Critical State Parameters and the Influence of Water 94 6.1.4 Basic Considerations on the Modeling of Soil Compaction......................... 97 6.1.5 Discussion and Conclusions on Literature.................................................... 98 6.2 Comparison of Soil Compaction Models................................................................ 99 6.2.1 Comparison of Pressure Prediction............................................................... 99 6.2.2 Sensitivity Analysis of Soil Compaction Models....................................... 101 6.2.3 Discussion and Conclusions on Comparison of Soil Compaction Models 102 6.3 Derivation of VCL Parameters from Soil Bin and Validation/Evaluation............ 102 6.3.1 Theoretical Considerations ......................................................................... 104 6.3.2 Practical Derivation of VCL Parameters .................................................... 105 6.3.3 Prediction of Independent Data .................................................................. 108 6.3.3.1 Dense and Loose Soil ..................................................................... 109 6.3.3.2 Stratified Soil Conditions ............................................................... 111 6.3.3.3 Multi-Pass Experiment ................................................................... 112 6.3.3.4 Passes with complete vehicles........................................................ 113 6.3.4 In-field determination of VCL.................................................................... 114 6.3.4.1 Clay Soil ......................................................................................... 114 6.3.4.2 Sandy Loam Soil ............................................................................ 116 6.3.5 Discussion and Conclusions on in-situ VCL .............................................. 118 6.4 Compaction Prediction using in-situ VCL for Rubber Tracks.............................. 121 6.5 VCL from Plate Sinkage Data from Triaxial Cell................................................. 123 6.6 Triaxial Cell Test Apparatus VCL Compared to in-situ VCL .............................. 125 6.6.1 Confining Pressure Applied........................................................................ 125 6.6.1.1 Influence of Time of Loading......................................................... 125 6.6.1.2 Influence of Moisture and Initial Soil Density ............................... 126 6.6.1.3 Water and System Compressibility ................................................ 127 6.6.2 Axial and Radial Pressure........................................................................... 127 Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) VI
Page 1 and 2: Cranfield University School of Appl
Page 3 and 4: Abstract Ancillary experiments show
Page 5: Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page 9 and 10: Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
Page 11 and 12: List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
Page 13 and 14: List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
Page 15 and 16: Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
Page 17 and 18: Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
Page 19 and 20: Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
Page 21 and 22: Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
Page 23 and 24: Introduction a) the soil compaction
Page 25 and 26: Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
Page 27 and 28: Experimental Methods had been mount
Page 29 and 30: Experimental Methods track; the loa
Page 31 and 32: Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
Page 33 and 34: Experimental Methods term. In the m
Page 35 and 36: Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
Page 37 and 38: Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
Page 39 and 40: Experimental Methods ence surface c
Page 41 and 42: Experimental Methods chine derives
Page 43 and 44: Experimental Methods depth. The dat
Page 45 and 46: Experimental Methods with water and
Page 47 and 48: Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
Page 49 and 50: Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Field Study With Full Size Combine
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
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Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
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Soil Compaction Models average of m
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models ture content
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Soil Compaction Models with four ot
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Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
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Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
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Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
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Soil Compaction Models The approach
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Soil Compaction Models surface stay
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Soil Compaction Models This result
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Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
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Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
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Soil Compaction Models pressure to
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Soil Compaction Models The response
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Soil Compaction Models On medium so
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Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
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Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
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Ancillary Experiments Average conta
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Ancillary Experiments In order to c
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Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
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Ancillary Experiments track and the
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Ancillary Experiments even when hav
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
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Ancillary Experiments The results f
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
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Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 123: F
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Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
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Ancillary Experiments model which o
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.5 The Inf
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
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Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
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Ancillary Experiments contact area.
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Ancillary Experiments soil forward
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Conclusions � The longitudinal so
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Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
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Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
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Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
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Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
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Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
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Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
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Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
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Appendix comparison at the deepest
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Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
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Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
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Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
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Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
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Appendix Adapting critical state so
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Appendix density is obtained by add
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Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
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Appendix choice of a concentration
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Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
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Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil C
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Appendix To summarize the ability t
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Appendix In the following the predi
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Appendix concentration factor of 4,
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Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
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Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
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Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
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Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
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Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
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Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
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Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Appendix Table 8: n and k depending
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Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
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Appendix with a slight deviation fr
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Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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