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Appendix Predicted Increase (%) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 y = 0,9847x R 2 = 0,9505 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Measured Increase (%) Figure 12: Predicted vs. measured increase in soil displacement for the data from Antille (2006) on high (♦) and low (■) bearing capacity. Also shown is the 1:1 relationship (solid line) From Figure 12 a close agreement can be seen between the measured and the predicted increase in soil density for the data from Antille (2006). The accuracy is within an absolute error of +/- 3 %. The linear regression line shows that the increase is underpredicted by 1.5 % compared to the 1:1 line, however, linearity of the data is confirmed with an R 2 of 0.95. Data from the medium bearing capacity was used to derive the VCL parameters and it is capable of predicting soil density increase for different initial DBD’s. Thus this justifies the concept of a VCL for a soil at given moisture content in general and in particular for this soil type. Moreover the initial DBD from which VCL parameters are derived allows a prediction of soil density increase in denser and in weaker soil conditions. Thus the VCL appears to be independent of the initial density it was created for. The close agreement was achieved with a concentration factor of 5 and shows the robustness of the approach against this parameter which technically influences pressure distribution within the soil and is depending on the initial density. The close agreement on higher and lower bearing capacities justifies an extension of the investigation of the capability of the model to predict soil compaction in the more complex cases given below. Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 211
Appendix 11.1.3.2 Stratified Soil Conditions After having shown the capability to predict soil compaction on different bearing capacities, the next step was to compare the performance of the in-situ model for different bearing capacities within one soil profile. Hence, the stratified soil conditions used by Ansorge (2005) were simulated with the in-situ model using densities of 1.45, 1.62, and 1.55 g/cc for the zones: above 200 mm, between 200-325 mm and 300-750 mm, respectively. As can be seen from Figure 13 the predicted and measured soil displacement agree well in shape indicating that the compaction behaviour of the soil is correctly predicted. However, a general over prediction is visible over the whole depth starting with 14 mm at the surface and decreasing to 2 mm at depth, overall typically 4 mm. This could be attributed to the tendency to overestimate soil displacement on dense soil, a tendency which was already marginally visible by the comparison of prediction to measurement on dense soil in the previous paragraph (3.1). The large difference at the surface can as well be attributed to the influence of lugs and a sampling error. Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0 300,0 400,0 500,0 600,0 700,0 800,0 Soil Displacement (mm) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Figure 13: Predicted (♦) and measured (■) soil displacement on stratified soil conditions after the pass of a 900/10.5/1.9. The least significant difference (LSD) at 95 % is also shown 11.1.3.3 Multi Pass Experiment Figure 14 shows the results of predicting soil displacement after 3 passes of 900/10.5/1.9 and 900/5/0.5 tyres over a uniform weak soil with an initial DBD of 1.38 g/cm 3 . These were compared to the measured values from Ansorge (2005). This comparison aims particularly at Ph.D. Thesis Dirk Ansorge (2007) 212
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Cranfield University School of Appl
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Abstract Ancillary experiments show
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Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Table of Contents 4.1.3 Analysis of
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Table of Contents 11.1.1.1 Comparis
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 3
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List of Figures and Tables Figure 1
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Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE Abbreviat
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Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bac
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Introduction � Ansorge, D. and Go
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Introduction 1.2 Aim To elucidate t
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Introduction a) the soil compaction
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Experimental Methods 2.1.1.1 Test F
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Experimental Methods had been mount
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Experimental Methods track; the loa
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Experimental Methods 800/10.5/2.5 t
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Experimental Methods term. In the m
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Experimental Methods Soil Surface F
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Experimental Methods Depth (cm) 0 1
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Experimental Methods ence surface c
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Experimental Methods chine derives
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Experimental Methods depth. The dat
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Experimental Methods with water and
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Experimental Methods 2.4 Statistica
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Laboratory Studies Into Undercarria
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Field Study With Full Size Combine
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction Howe
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction not
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction in a
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Alleviation of Soil Compaction diff
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Soil Compaction Models sibilities t
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Soil Compaction Models depends on t
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Soil Compaction Models Wroth (1968)
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Soil Compaction Models however, the
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Soil Compaction Models level. Criti
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Soil Compaction Models Utilizing Ke
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Soil Compaction Models average of m
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models ture content
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Soil Compaction Models with four ot
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Soil Compaction Models Predicted In
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Soil Compaction Models Depth (mm) -
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Soil Compaction Models and 13.7 % b
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Soil Compaction Models Rel. Density
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Soil Compaction Models VCL paramete
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Soil Compaction Models The approach
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Soil Compaction Models surface stay
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Soil Compaction Models This result
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Soil Compaction Models 6.6.1.3 Wate
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Soil Compaction Models σσ 1 (kPA)
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Soil Compaction Models pressure to
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Soil Compaction Models The response
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Soil Compaction Models On medium so
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Soil Compaction Models SOILFLEX tak
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Ancillary Experiments 7 ANCILLARY E
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Ancillary Experiments Average conta
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Ancillary Experiments In order to c
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Ancillary Experiments contrary, the
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 102: S
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Ancillary Experiments track and the
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Ancillary Experiments even when hav
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Ancillary Experiments 7.3.2 Influen
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Ancillary Experiments The results f
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Ancillary Experiments Figure 117: S
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Ancillary Experiments Contact Press
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Page 179 and 180: Ancillary Experiments Sinkage (mm)
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Page 185 and 186: Ancillary Experiments 7.3.7 Discuss
Page 187 and 188: Ancillary Experiments Terzaghi (194
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Page 191 and 192: Ancillary Experiments soil forward
Page 193 and 194: Conclusions � The longitudinal so
Page 195 and 196: Bibliography 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY Aboaba
Page 197 and 198: Bibliography Defossez, P., Richard,
Page 199 and 200: Bibliography Gregory, A.S.; Whalley
Page 201 and 202: Bibliography Lamande, M., Schjonnin
Page 203 and 204: Bibliography Seig, D., 1985. Soil C
Page 205 and 206: Appendix 11 APPENDIX Ph.D. Thesis D
Page 207 and 208: Appendix Figure 32: VCL sample at t
Page 209 and 210: Appendix comparison at the deepest
Page 211 and 212: Appendix Estimated Pressure (kPa) 2
Page 213 and 214: Appendix 11.1.1.2.1 SOCOMO One of t
Page 215 and 216: Appendix by Seig (1985) who showed
Page 217 and 218: Appendix Soil water content 15 % an
Page 219 and 220: Appendix Adapting critical state so
Page 221 and 222: Appendix density is obtained by add
Page 223 and 224: Appendix Table 5: Values of constan
Page 225 and 226: Appendix choice of a concentration
Page 227: Appendix 11.1.3.1 Dense/Hard and Lo
Page 231 and 232: Appendix To summarize the ability t
Page 233 and 234: Appendix In the following the predi
Page 235 and 236: Appendix concentration factor of 4,
Page 237 and 238: Appendix 11.1.5.1 Confining Pressur
Page 239 and 240: Appendix Figure 24. The VCL created
Page 241 and 242: Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
Page 243 and 244: Appendix relation of � 1 to � 2
Page 245 and 246: Appendix Rel. Density 2 1,9 1,8 1,7
Page 247 and 248: Appendix Rel. Density 1,7 1,68 1,66
Page 249 and 250: Appendix Depth (mm) 0,0 100,0 200,0
Page 251 and 252: Appendix Figure 42: Plate in cookin
Page 253 and 254: Appendix � z � � �� k c p
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Page 257 and 258: Appendix to the plate sinkage equat
Page 259 and 260: Appendix with a slight deviation fr
Page 261: Appendix Table 12: DBD values for a
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