Certificate - Etheses - Saurashtra University

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Table 4. Livestock depradation in different months in grazing pastures or dhars in Kugti wildlife sanctuary during 2002-2004. Name of dhar May June July August September October Ghiula 16 15 35 58 61 9 Andhrali Kinnaur 12 12 21 53 46 10 Bharali Kinnaur 11 16 44 55 49 14 Bhunkar 8 5 10 26 45 5 Mundi 1 4 4 11 13 1 Ghei 11 7 34 32 36 5 Nanaun 20 15 27 60 62 15 Bhug 6 5 13 31 26 6 Andhrali Dhamel 3 9 17 18 15 2 Duggi 1 17 33 44 15 5 Bhiad 32 28 20 61 27 8 Sarni 3 19 23 36 16 6 124 (8.05%) 152 (9.87%) 134 281 (18.25%) 485 (31.5%) 411 (26.7%) 86 (5.58%)
Figure 1. Livestock depredation in different months in grazing pastures or dhars in Kugti wildlife sanctuary during 2002-2004. No. of livestock depredations 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 124 (8.1% ) 152 (9.9% ) 281 (18.2% ) 135 485 (31.5% ) 411 (26.7% ) 86 (5.6% ) May June July August September October
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Saurashtra University Re - Accredit
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Ecology of brown bear (Ursus arctos
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Contents Acknowledgements i-iv Summ
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List of Tables Chapter 4: Feeding e
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Figure 5. Presence of food items in
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Photograph 11. Collection of brown
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several individual
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logistic support in the alpine and
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Summary The brown bear is widely di
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own bears and seasonal difference i
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use of these habitat categories. Si
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Chapter 1 1.1 Bear species and dist
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Hokkaido, the Hokkaido brown bear (
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1.2 Status of bear species All bear
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human beings. The resources availab
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protection methods have been studie
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viii. The study will also help sugg
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Brown bears were found tetrapedal,
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hence created their own dens. Brown
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2.5 Habitat use pattern Johnson (19
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evealed that although both preferre
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Marchinton, 1980; Smith, 1986; Hell
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and ground nesting birds and their
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kelp, mollusks, fish and remains of
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during early summer (Hamer and Herr
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1983a). Although insects constitute
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fruits and mammals. Their study als
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geographically (LeFranc et al., 198
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commodities in their search for alt
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Yellowstone National Park between 1
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ear-livestock interactions were rep
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Gamgul Siabehi are relatively less
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A list of angiosperms and gymnosper
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(Ursus arctos), the other wild anim
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Chapter 4 Feeding ecology of brown
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1984; Mace and Jonkel, 1986; Odhach
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these scats were separately placed
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were analysed, and the proportion o
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Fragaria nubicola 34 times. Photogr
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Figure 5 showed marked monthly vari
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the method of percent occurrence of
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(Hedysarum alpinum) roots and main
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and Aoi, 1987). The higher occurren
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constituted a major portion of earl
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Figure 2. Frequency occurrence of a
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Continued Food items Occurrence Sum
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Figure 4. Number of direct feeding
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Table 3. Availability of food items
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Table 2. Number of direct feeding o
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omnivorous generalist lifestyle. Br
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systematic information is available
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5.3.0. Results In Kugti wildlife sa
Page 105 and 106: for Agricultural land category and
Page 107 and 108: 5.3.3 Habitat availability vs. util
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Page 113 and 114: Exposed rock with slope grasses and
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Page 119 and 120: Ballard et al., 1993) and interior
Page 121 and 122: slope terrain was found to be highe
Page 123 and 124: Table 1. Continued S. No. Dry alpin
Page 125 and 126: Table 3. Frequency of occurrence of
Page 127 and 128: Table 5. Seasonal variation in habi
Page 129 and 130: Table 7. Proportional availability
Page 131 and 132: Figure 1: Sampling layout for veget
Page 133 and 134: livestock and attack on people. In
Page 135 and 136: 1978; Knight and Judd, 1983; Garshe
Page 137 and 138: develop mitigation strategies that
Page 139 and 140: division, Chamba wildlife division,
Page 141 and 142: in the sanctuary area. Figure 1 als
Page 143 and 144: Different plant species, phenologic
Page 145 and 146: Damage to wheat crop was 15-25%. Ma
Page 147 and 148: Ghiula dhar, Bharali Kinnaur dhar,
Page 149 and 150: Livestock depredation by brown bear
Page 151 and 152: The studies conducted in India and
Page 153 and 154: Table 1. List of grazing pastures o
Page 155: Table 3. Livestock depredation in d
Page 159: Table 5. Agricultural crops and the
Page 162 and 163: Table 7. Damage to agricultural cro
Page 164 and 165: 7. Suggestions and recommendations
Page 166 and 167: 4. In Kugti wildlife sanctuary, the
Page 168 and 169: During evening and night time, the
Page 170 and 171: 17. Brown bears cause extensive dam
Page 172 and 173: References Abe, H., Aoi, T., Tsubot
Page 174 and 175: Aune, K. and Kasworm, W. (1989). Fi
Page 176 and 177: Berns, V.D., Atwell, G.C. and Boone
Page 178 and 179: Chauhan, N.P.S. (2003). Human casua
Page 180 and 181: Craighead, F.C., Jr. and Craighead,
Page 182 and 183: Elgmork, K. and Kassa, J. (1992). F
Page 184 and 185: Garcia-Gaona, J.F. (1997). Damages
Page 186 and 187: Gunther, K.A. and Renkin, R.A. (199
Page 188 and 189: Herrero, S. (1978). A comparison of
Page 190 and 191: Irving, L. and Krog, J. (1954). Bod
Page 192 and 193: Joshi, A.R., Garshelis, D.L. and Sm
Page 194 and 195: Krishna Raju, K.S.R., Krishna Murth
Page 196 and 197: Mace, R.D. and Waller, J.S. (1996).
Page 198 and 199: Mattson, D.J. and Hovey, F.W. (1995
Page 200 and 201: Mertzanis, G. (1994). Brown bear in
Page 202 and 203: Nawaz, M.A. (2007). Status of the b
Page 204 and 205: Pazhetnov, V.S. (1990). Brown bear.
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Reynolds, D.G. and Beecham, J. (198
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Sathyakumar, S. (2006a). The status
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Sellers, R.D. and Aumiller, L.D. (1
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Stein, J.T. (2000). From exterminat
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Van Daele, L.J. (1995). Unit 17 bro
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Yamanaka, M., Yasue, K. and Ohtaish
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Continued S. No. Common name Genus
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Appendix 3. GPS location of line tr
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Appendix 4 Format - 1(a) Vegetation
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Format - 1(c) Vegetation Compositio
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Format - 1(f) Biotic Pressures Tran
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Format - 2(b) Distribution and Abun
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4. Occupational Pattern: i. Noumber
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vii. Crop damage month-wise: Tick m
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E. NTFP collection: Name Species Qu
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