Certificate - Etheses - Saurashtra University

(Hedysarum alpinum) roots and main food plants in summer were common horsetail
(Equisetum arvense) and bearflower (Boykinia richardsonii) (MacHutchon and
Wellwood, 2003).
Most commonly, brown bears feeding habits have been quantified by analysis of scat
contents. But because of the differential digestibility of foods, contents of fecal
residue were rarely equivalent to amounts of foods ingested by bears. The resulting
underestimation of highly digestible foods was found to be most pronounced for meat
and fish diets (Hewitt and Robbins, 1996). Grizzly bears were found to consume
herbaceous vegetation commonly during spring and early summer in many
ecosystems. Even in areas with abundant meat and fish resources, grasses, forbs and
sedges were found constituting the major part of the bear diet in spring and early
summer (LeFranc et al., 1987). In North America, fruits of blueberries, huckleberries,
buffaloberry, bearberry and other species were found to be the seasonally important
foods for bears throughout much of their range. Roots, corns and bulbs were found
commonly used by bears in the Rocky Mountains and interior Alaska. Roots of
hedysarum were extensively dug by bears in all mountainous and arctic habits of
Canada and Alaska (LeFranc et al., 1987). Brown bears were also found to be
effective predators. In early summer, neonates were found to be actively hunted.
Moose, caribou and elk calves were found to be seasonally important foods of bears
(Ballard et al., 1981; Larsen et al., 1989; Gunther and Renkin, 1990; Hamer and
Herrero, 1991; Green et al., 1997; Mattson, 1997 and Gau, 1998). Anthropogenic
foods such as garbage, livestock feed, pet food, human foods, garden crops, honey
were also used by brown bears wherever humans and bears coexisted (Herrero, 1985;
Van Daele, 1995; Craighead et al., 1995 and Peirce and Daele, 2006). In Kugti
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