Certificate - Etheses - Saurashtra University

Photograph 9 and 10 show fresh scats of brown bear containing wheat leaves and
barley seeds respectively. Photograph 12 shows fresh scat of brown bear containing
maize seeds, and Photograph 13 shows presence of barley seeds in the scat.
The annual frequency of occurrence of animal matter in the scats of brown bear was
21% (Table 1, Figure 3). The annual frequency occurrence of ants and insects parts
was 9.3% and 5.2% respectively. Whereas the annual frequency occurrence of hairs
was 2.9%, bones 2.3%, jaws and teeth 0.6% and claws and nails 0.6% each in the
scats of brown bears.
The annual frequency occurrence of plant matter in the scats of brown bear was 79%,
and its major part (58.3%) was comprised of unknown plant matter (Table 1, Figure
3). The annual frequency occurrence of agricultural crops was found to be 7.2% in the
scats. Based on ocular estimation, the estimated volume for unknown plant matter was
high (66.7%-100%) in the bear scats, and insects and ants was medium (33.4%-
66.6%). And for rest of the animal and plant matter, it was low (0-33.3%).
Based on 57 direct feeding observations made during 2002 to 2004, brown bears were
found feeding on 29 species of plants including agricultural crops. There was
considerable difference in the number of items brown bear were observed feeding on
food plants in different seasons (Table 2, Figure 4). Photograph 2, 3 and 4 show
extensive digging by brown bear and feeding on plants/ants in different areas. Out of
57 direct sightings, brown bears were found feeding on food plants 184 times during
summer, 141 times in monsoon and 139 times during fall season. They were found
feeding on Rumex nepalensis 48 times, Chaerophyllum reflexum 39 times and
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