Certificate - Etheses - Saurashtra University

1983; Vaughan et al., 1989; Servheen, 1990; Conover and Decker, 1991; Reid et al.,
1991, Stowell and Willing, 1992; Ambrose and Sanders, 1978; Azuma and Torii,
1980; Will, 1980; Watanabe, 1980; Singer and Bratton, 1980; Horstman and Gunson,
1982; Knight and Judd, 1983; Maehr, 1983; Elowe, 1984; Hygnstrom and Craven,
1985; Calvert, 1992; Swenson et al., 1994; Huzumi, 1994, 1999; Garcia-Gaona, 1997;
Jonker et al., 1998; Garshelis et al., 1999; Huygens and Hayashi, 1999; Angeli, 2000;
Iswariah, 1984; Chauhan, 2003; Huygens et al., 2004 and Fredriksson, 2005). In the
alpine pastures in India, brown bears were found to cause extensive livestock
depredation, and there were reports of killing of brown bears by the migratory
graziers to reduce livestock depredation and there were reports of killing of brown
bear by the migratory graziers (Sathyakumar, 2006a). Increased incidences of
livestock depredation and attack on humans by black bears have also been reported by
Sathyakumar (2006b). In Great Himalayan National park, brown bear and black bear
were found responsible for high livestock casualty (Chauhan, 2003). There were 3
human casualties by black bear and 355 livestock killing by both black and brown
bears during 1989-1998. In Garhwal and Kumaon districts of Uttarakhand, black bear
caused 154 human casualties during 1991-2001 (Chauhan, 2004). Bears caused 42
fatal human injuries in the Province of Alberta during 1960-1998, 29 (69%) casualties
were by grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and 13 (31%) injuries by American black bears
(Herrero and Higgins, 2003).
In Mexico, United States and Canada, black bears were found to damage agricultural
crops, apiaries, fish farms and caused livestock and human casualties (Michael et al.,
1999). Black bear depredation on agriculture crops has become an increasing concern
in Massachusetts (Jonker et al., 1998). Bears were found to damage agricultural
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