Certificate - Etheses - Saurashtra University

kelp, mollusks, fish and remains of marine mammals and birds. In summer (May-
August), diets were made up of mostly of herbaceous plants (Bromley, 1965;
Perovskiy, 1991; Revenko, 1993; Berzan, 1997 and Seryodkin et al., 2003a).
Important food plant families included: Apiaceae, Fabaceae, and Asteraceae in
southern regions, and Rosaceae in northern regions. In autumn (August-November),
bears were found to eat food with high calories. In most regions of the Russian Far
East, brown bears consumed Pacific salmon, Siberian dwarf pine nuts and berries
(Ostroumov, 1968; Chernyavskiy et al., 1993; Revenko, 1993; Yudin, 1993b and
Seryodkin and Paczkowski, 2004). In most of the Amur region, high calorie foods
were limited to two species of berries and Siberian dwarf pine nuts (Yudin, 1993b).
The feeding behaviour and seasonal changes in the dietary intake of bears was studied
through scat analysis (Hamer and Herrero, 1987; Lander et al., 1979; Laurie and
Seidensticker, 1977; Mace and Jankel, 1986; Maehr and Brady, 1984; Schller, 1967,
1969; Baskaran, 1990; Manjrekar, 1989; Saberwal, 1989; Schaller, 1969, 1989; Tisch,
1961; Mealey, 1980; Craighead et al., 1982; Grenfell and Brody, 1983; LeCount et
al., 1984; Hewitt and Robbins, 1996; Dahle, et al., 1998; Sathyakumar, 2003;
MacHutchon and Wellwood, 2003; Robbins et al., 2004; Kobayashi et al., 2006;
Minamiyama et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2006; Yoshida et al., 2006; Nishio et al, 2006 and
Seomun et al., 2006). Many field naturalists and wildlife biologists relied heavily on
fecal analysis to quantify diets for various bear species (Mattson et al., 1991;
McLellan and Hovey, 1995 and Murie, 1981). In Sweden, bears obtained their main
energy from berries and ungulates and also from insects, forbs and graminoids (Dahle
et al., 1998). Bears were also found to consume domestic sheep. The seasonal food
habits of brown bears were estimated based on scats analysis in central Norway and
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