Certificate - Etheses - Saurashtra University

similar to humans. During late fall, bears were found to rely on fish or use berry-
producing habitats (LeFranc et al., 1987 and Schoen et al., 1994).
In the northern Rocky Mountains, grizzly bears were dependent on a fairly predictable
sequence of habitats that provided seasonally available forage. Seasonal habitats were
separated into spring/early-summer pre-berry period, when bears were foraging on a
variety of locally available graminoids, forbs and roots; and summer early-fall berry-
producing period, when bears were feeding on locally available berry crops (LeFranc
et al., 1987; Mace and Waller, 1997 and Herrero et al., 2000). During spring, bears
were found in lower elevation habitats eating emergent vegetation and winter-killed
ungulates. During late spring, they moved to higher elevations following the
phonological advantage of vegetal foods. During summer, bears descended to lower
sites to exploit habitats with early-ripening berry crops. They showed repeated
altitudinal movements, following the ripening fruits to higher elevations during early
fall (Darling, 1987; Hamer and Herrero, 1987 and Mace and Waller 1997). In the
Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, the pattern of seasonal elevation use was similar to
that found for other populations occupying interior western mountains (Mealey,
1980). In Northeastern Alaska, tussock and tall shrub land were used by grizzly bears
slightly more frequently during spring, whereas low shrub land was used much more
frequently than expected (Phillips, 1987). In much of Alaska and northern Canada,
habitats occupied by the grizzly bear were not significantly altered by humans. Most
of the productive lands have been occupied by humans, and grizzly bear populations
have been located in most remote and rugged mountainous areas; which were not the
best habitats (Craighead and Mitchell, 1982 and Gibeau, 1998). In Rocky Mountain
Front, Montana, comparisons of the habitat use between grizzly bear and black bear
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