Certificate - Etheses - Saurashtra University

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E. NTFP collection: Name Species Quantity (kg) Month(s) Time (h) Medicinal plants Fodder Fuel wood Timber Grass Mushroom Fruits Honey Gum Others. Use & distance of water resource(s) from village: For bathing, washing clothes, livestock River ……….m, Pond ………..m, Nallah ………m, …… … m …… …m Water collection: Frequency ……………………. Time ………….…………… F. Income generating activities: i. Family income Rs. ………….. … /Month Rs. …………… .. /Annum Various sources Agriculture/Horticulture/Livestock/Fibre craft/Apiculture/Handicraft/ Mushroom/ ………….. …………… ii. What fuels are used? Biogas / Kerosene / Solar energy / Dung cake / Agricul. residue iii. Are these fuels available on subsidized rates? Yes No iv. Do you sell milk or products? If yes Kg ……… Kg ………Kg ……. ….. Month 215 Rs. ……… Rs. ……… Rs. ……… Month v. Purchase of cattle feed: ………… …. ……… …. ……… …. ………… ……… Rs. ……… Rs. ……… Rs. ……… Rs. ……… daily. vi. Do you sell livestock? Adult/Sub-adult/Male/Female Rs. ………. ……………….. vii.Do you sell dung cakes, fuel wood etc? Kg. …………….. Rs. ……………….. .
viii. Do you sell agriculture/horticultural crops? Crop Quantity (Kg) Rupees Wheat Maize Barley Bharesh Phulan Potato Apple Akhrot Rajmash ix. Do you sell NTFP? Items . …………….. …….. ………….. ……………… ………… Rs. ……………… .. . …………….. ……………….. .. ……….. x. Labour work? Yes ( ) No ( ) Rs. …… daily Rs. ………… Yearly G. People’s attitude: i. Do you wish to have/protect forests? Yes / No ii. Attitude towards bear and other animals: ………………………………….. iii. Any time bear shot or captured in your area: ……………………………………………… iv. Peoples problems: Employment / Land / Education / Roads / Buses / Electricity / Dairy / H. Remarks Fuelwood / Timber / Fodder / Drinking water for people / Drinking water for livestock / Medical facilities / Irrigation / Veterinary services / Crop protection / Others 216
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Saurashtra University Re - Accredit
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Ecology of brown bear (Ursus arctos
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Contents Acknowledgements i-iv Summ
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List of Tables Chapter 4: Feeding e
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Figure 5. Presence of food items in
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Photograph 11. Collection of brown
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several individual
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logistic support in the alpine and
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Summary The brown bear is widely di
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own bears and seasonal difference i
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use of these habitat categories. Si
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Chapter 1 1.1 Bear species and dist
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Hokkaido, the Hokkaido brown bear (
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1.2 Status of bear species All bear
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human beings. The resources availab
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protection methods have been studie
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viii. The study will also help sugg
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Brown bears were found tetrapedal,
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hence created their own dens. Brown
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2.5 Habitat use pattern Johnson (19
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evealed that although both preferre
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Marchinton, 1980; Smith, 1986; Hell
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and ground nesting birds and their
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kelp, mollusks, fish and remains of
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during early summer (Hamer and Herr
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1983a). Although insects constitute
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fruits and mammals. Their study als
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geographically (LeFranc et al., 198
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commodities in their search for alt
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Yellowstone National Park between 1
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ear-livestock interactions were rep
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Gamgul Siabehi are relatively less
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A list of angiosperms and gymnosper
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(Ursus arctos), the other wild anim
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Chapter 4 Feeding ecology of brown
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1984; Mace and Jonkel, 1986; Odhach
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these scats were separately placed
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were analysed, and the proportion o
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Fragaria nubicola 34 times. Photogr
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Figure 5 showed marked monthly vari
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the method of percent occurrence of
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(Hedysarum alpinum) roots and main
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and Aoi, 1987). The higher occurren
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constituted a major portion of earl
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Figure 2. Frequency occurrence of a
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Continued Food items Occurrence Sum
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Figure 4. Number of direct feeding
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Table 3. Availability of food items
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Table 2. Number of direct feeding o
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omnivorous generalist lifestyle. Br
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systematic information is available
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5.3.0. Results In Kugti wildlife sa
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for Agricultural land category and
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5.3.3 Habitat availability vs. util
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ocks with slope grasses (38.4%), Mi
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gentle slope terrain was found to b
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Exposed rock with slope grasses and
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found mainly dependent on availabil
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availability of brown bear habitat
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Ballard et al., 1993) and interior
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slope terrain was found to be highe
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Table 1. Continued S. No. Dry alpin
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Table 3. Frequency of occurrence of
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Table 5. Seasonal variation in habi
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Table 7. Proportional availability
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Figure 1: Sampling layout for veget
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livestock and attack on people. In
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1978; Knight and Judd, 1983; Garshe
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develop mitigation strategies that
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division, Chamba wildlife division,
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in the sanctuary area. Figure 1 als
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Different plant species, phenologic
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Damage to wheat crop was 15-25%. Ma
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Ghiula dhar, Bharali Kinnaur dhar,
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Livestock depredation by brown bear
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The studies conducted in India and
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Table 1. List of grazing pastures o
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Table 3. Livestock depredation in d
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Figure 1. Livestock depredation in
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Table 5. Agricultural crops and the
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Table 7. Damage to agricultural cro
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7. Suggestions and recommendations
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4. In Kugti wildlife sanctuary, the
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During evening and night time, the
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17. Brown bears cause extensive dam
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References Abe, H., Aoi, T., Tsubot
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Aune, K. and Kasworm, W. (1989). Fi
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Berns, V.D., Atwell, G.C. and Boone
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Chauhan, N.P.S. (2003). Human casua
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Craighead, F.C., Jr. and Craighead,
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Elgmork, K. and Kassa, J. (1992). F
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Garcia-Gaona, J.F. (1997). Damages
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Gunther, K.A. and Renkin, R.A. (199
Page 188 and 189: Herrero, S. (1978). A comparison of
Page 190 and 191: Irving, L. and Krog, J. (1954). Bod
Page 192 and 193: Joshi, A.R., Garshelis, D.L. and Sm
Page 194 and 195: Krishna Raju, K.S.R., Krishna Murth
Page 196 and 197: Mace, R.D. and Waller, J.S. (1996).
Page 198 and 199: Mattson, D.J. and Hovey, F.W. (1995
Page 200 and 201: Mertzanis, G. (1994). Brown bear in
Page 202 and 203: Nawaz, M.A. (2007). Status of the b
Page 204 and 205: Pazhetnov, V.S. (1990). Brown bear.
Page 206 and 207: Reynolds, D.G. and Beecham, J. (198
Page 208 and 209: Sathyakumar, S. (2006a). The status
Page 210 and 211: Sellers, R.D. and Aumiller, L.D. (1
Page 212 and 213: Stein, J.T. (2000). From exterminat
Page 214 and 215: Van Daele, L.J. (1995). Unit 17 bro
Page 216 and 217: Yamanaka, M., Yasue, K. and Ohtaish
Page 218 and 219: Continued S. No. Common name Genus
Page 224 and 225: Appendix 3. GPS location of line tr
Page 226 and 227: Appendix 4 Format - 1(a) Vegetation
Page 228 and 229: Format - 1(c) Vegetation Compositio
Page 230 and 231: Format - 1(f) Biotic Pressures Tran
Page 232 and 233: Format - 2(b) Distribution and Abun
Page 234 and 235: 4. Occupational Pattern: i. Noumber
Page 236 and 237: vii. Crop damage month-wise: Tick m
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