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EVALUATION OF THE EUROPEAN STRATEGY ON SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK 2007-201279considered very difficult to build sound quantitative indicators and more relevant toaim for a general objective <strong>of</strong> well-being at work and <strong>the</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> physicalintegrity.Similarly, <strong>the</strong> previous <strong>strategy</strong> in <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom did contain specificquantitative targets. However, <strong>the</strong>se proved very difficult to manage and tomonitor. As a result, <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom has moved away from such targets to apolicy <strong>of</strong> monitoring a suite <strong>of</strong> measures which help to indicate progress towards<strong>the</strong> general goals <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir <strong>strategy</strong>.In <strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands responsibilities for addressing main sectoral risks have beentransferred to social partners, guided by legally binding maximum exposure norms.Both social partners and <strong>the</strong> inspectorate are informed by continuous monitoringdata, leading to extra attention by ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se parties where necessary.On <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r hand, o<strong>the</strong>r Member States such as <strong>the</strong> Czech Republic, Lithuania andMalta did not have specific targets in 2009 but do have such targets in 2012. 82Regarding <strong>the</strong> reduction <strong>of</strong> work related diseases 83 and occupational risk factors;even fewer countries have included specific targets in <strong>the</strong>ir national strategies.Focus areas <strong>of</strong>national strategiesTable 4-14 shows <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> desk studies in regard to whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> nationalstrategies contain <strong>the</strong> focus areas mentioned in <strong>the</strong> European <strong>strategy</strong>.Table 4-14Strategy focus areaFocus areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> national strategiesNumber <strong>of</strong> national strategies including focus areaYesNoSectors and industries which have <strong>the</strong> worsttrack recordThe most common risks and <strong>the</strong> mostvulnerable workersThe particular circumstances and needs <strong>of</strong>SMEs18 822 422 4Streng<strong>the</strong>ning coherence with o<strong>the</strong>r policies 22 4Source: Desk studies <strong>of</strong> national strategies/comparable instruments in 26 countries.As depicted in <strong>the</strong> table, almost 80 % <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Member States have included <strong>the</strong> focusareas emphasised by <strong>the</strong> European <strong>strategy</strong> in <strong>the</strong>ir national <strong>strategy</strong>. This indicatesthat <strong>the</strong> focus areas <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> national strategies are to a large extent coherent with <strong>the</strong>focus areas highlighted in <strong>the</strong> European <strong>strategy</strong>.82 The reason for this discrepancy may be questioned as <strong>the</strong> national strategies for bothCzech Republic and Malta were elaborated before 200983 In Scoreboard 2009 <strong>the</strong>re is a distinction between occupational diseases and work-relatedhealth problems and diseases. This distinction is not made here.http://projects.cowiportal.com/ps/A019055/Documents/3 Project documents/Interim and final report/Final report October 2012/OSH <strong>evaluation</strong>-report_Final_submitted 14 March2013.docx
80 EVALUATION OF THE EUREVALUATION OF THE EUROPEAN STRATEGY ON SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK 2007-201280Measures orinstruments <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>national strategiesTable 4-15 provides an overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> types <strong>of</strong> measures included compared to<strong>the</strong> measures encouraged by <strong>the</strong> European <strong>strategy</strong>.Table 4-15Instruments and measures <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> national strategiesType <strong>of</strong> measure or instrumentNumber <strong>of</strong> national strategies including focusareaYesNoStreng<strong>the</strong>ning implementation <strong>of</strong> EU legislation throughimplementation <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> instrumentsSimplifying <strong>the</strong> legislative framework and adapting it tochangeEncouraging changes in behaviour/promoting preventiveculture?23 321 525 1Identifying and evaluating new and emerging risks? 20 6Systematic procedures to ga<strong>the</strong>r and analyse <strong>the</strong> datadrawn from <strong>the</strong> health surveillance <strong>of</strong> workersCampaigns to raise doctors' awareness <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir patients'medical history and working conditionsImproving <strong>the</strong> rehabilitation and reintegration <strong>of</strong>workers excluded from <strong>the</strong> workplace12 149 1711 15Source: Desk studies <strong>of</strong> national strategies, including 26 strategies/comparable measures.As <strong>the</strong> table indicates, <strong>the</strong> coherence between <strong>the</strong> European <strong>strategy</strong> and nationalstrategies is less evident when it comes to <strong>the</strong> instruments and measures included innational strategies.Almost all countries, 20 or more, have included measures in <strong>the</strong>ir national <strong>strategy</strong>to:› streng<strong>the</strong>n implementation <strong>of</strong> EU legislation;› simplify <strong>the</strong> legislative framework and adapting it to change;› encourage changes in behaviour and promoting a preventive culture;› identify and evaluate new and emerging risks.All 25 countries which included 'Encouraging changes in behaviour/promotingpreventive culture' in <strong>the</strong>ir national <strong>strategy</strong> also state that <strong>the</strong>y have includedspecific measures targeting SMEs.During <strong>the</strong> interviews, many stakeholders also emphasised that measures toincrease awareness, through ei<strong>the</strong>r training or <strong>the</strong> dissemination <strong>of</strong> information andgood practices, are among <strong>the</strong> most effective measures and <strong>the</strong> most successfulmeasures in <strong>the</strong> implementation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> national <strong>strategy</strong>.Thirteen Member States have included economic incentives such as favourableinsurance conditions when certain OSH criteria are met, as a measure to improveOSH. This measure may require agreements with private insurance companies andhttp://projects.cowiportal.com/ps/A019055/Documents/3 Project documents/Interim and final report/Final report October 2012/OSH <strong>evaluation</strong>report_Final_submitted14 March 2013.docx
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