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EVALUATION OF THE EUROPEAN STRATEGY ON SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK 2007-2012101aimed at examining <strong>the</strong> efficacy <strong>of</strong> a current initiative or investigating a specificincident ra<strong>the</strong>r than adopting a forward looking role. In safety terms for example,<strong>the</strong> research would better be classified as accident investigation, carrying outresearch to better understand any underlying causes <strong>of</strong> accidents which havehappened – but in doing so hopefully helping to prevent such accidents in <strong>the</strong>future. For example, one <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> three <strong>the</strong>mes <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Kingdom Health andSafety Executive's (HSE) priorities is: ‘Supporting front line regulatory functions(e.g. incident investigation)’.However, although <strong>the</strong> detail provided in this report is not comprehensive it is clearthat some Member States do additionally include more forward-looking initiatives.Thus, in Germany, ‘surveys and studies which can be used to forecast futureproblems and trends in OSH are also taken into consideration’ whilst a fur<strong>the</strong>rUnited Kingdom HSE <strong>the</strong>me is: ‘looking ahead to identify and meet futurechallenges’.National focus onnew and emergingrisksOur desk reviews <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> national strategies examined whe<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> nationalstrategies contained priorities for methods for identifying and evaluating new andemerging risks and, in a considerable majority <strong>of</strong> Member States, <strong>the</strong> conclusionwas that <strong>the</strong>y did. It is not always easy to determine which research activities areattributable to <strong>the</strong> <strong>strategy</strong> and which would have taken place in any case.Research activities <strong>of</strong>ten tend to reflect <strong>the</strong> funding available for activities, and <strong>the</strong>extent to which <strong>the</strong>se activities reflect <strong>the</strong> aims <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>strategy</strong> depend <strong>the</strong>reforeupon <strong>the</strong> degree to which funding is available for work in <strong>the</strong>se areas. Forexample, <strong>the</strong> FP7 programme included provisions for funding for research intonanotechnologies, resulting in a considerable amount <strong>of</strong> activity in this area. Tocite just one example, <strong>the</strong> ENPRA project (Risk assessment <strong>of</strong> engineerednanoparticles) brings toge<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> knowledge and capabilities <strong>of</strong> 15 European(including organisations in <strong>the</strong> UK, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, France, Italyand <strong>the</strong> Ne<strong>the</strong>rlands) and six US partners.Enhance risk anticipationAs specified above, <strong>the</strong> European <strong>strategy</strong> presented challenges at both an EU andMember State level to identify and confront new or developing risks, includingthose attributable to <strong>the</strong> changing economic and social environment. Theseincluded challenges to national health and safety research institutes and to EUagencies (specifically <strong>the</strong> ERO) in identifying and exploring <strong>the</strong>se risks and toMember States in integrating <strong>the</strong> results <strong>of</strong> this research into preventative measures(see below).As directly mandated by <strong>the</strong> <strong>strategy</strong>, <strong>the</strong> ERO has maintained <strong>the</strong> focus on <strong>the</strong>issue <strong>of</strong> new and emerging risks commenced during <strong>the</strong> period covered by <strong>the</strong>previous <strong>strategy</strong>. The <strong>strategy</strong> invited <strong>the</strong> ERO to examine <strong>the</strong> specific OSHchallenges posed by <strong>the</strong> more extensive integration <strong>of</strong> women, immigrant workersand younger and older workers into <strong>the</strong> labour market. Expert forecasts,http://projects.cowiportal.com/ps/A019055/Documents/3 Project documents/Interim and final report/Final report October 2012/OSH <strong>evaluation</strong>-report_Final_submitted 14 March2013.docx
102 EVALUATION OF THE EUREVALUATION OF THE EUROPEAN STRATEGY ON SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK 2007-2012102complemented by fact sheets, have been prepared to cover four key areas:biological 107 , chemical 108 , physical 109 and psychosocial 110 . These have beensupplemented by reports focussing on two new technologies: nanomaterials 111 andgreen technologies 112 and on three o<strong>the</strong>r areas <strong>of</strong> specific concern: womenworkers 113 , migrant workers 114 and those working in <strong>the</strong> emergency services 115 .It is clear that <strong>the</strong> ERO has <strong>the</strong>refore played a major role in fulfilling this aspect <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> <strong>strategy</strong>. An <strong>evaluation</strong> report on <strong>the</strong> activities <strong>of</strong> EU-OSHA stated: “The work<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> risk observatory was regarded as valid and credible, relevant and useful, byboth policy-makers and researchers” although it is noted that “The research reportsproduced by <strong>the</strong> risk observatory were viewed by policy-makers andrepresentatives <strong>of</strong> both employers and workers, as more relevant to <strong>the</strong> needs <strong>of</strong>experts than <strong>the</strong>mselves”. 116 This view perhaps reflects <strong>the</strong> more forward lookingnature <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> role <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> risk observatory than one addressing more immediateconcerns.107 EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ERO Expert forecast onemerging biological risks related to occupational safety and health. 2007,.Available at:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/7606488/view?searchterm=None108 EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ERO, Expert forecast onemerging chemical risks related to occupational safety and health. 2009. Available at:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/TE3008390ENC_chemical_risks/view?searchterm=None109 EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ERO, Expert forecast onemerging physical risks related to occupational safety and health. 2005. Available at:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/6805478/view?searchterm=None110 EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ERO, Expert forecast onemerging psychosocial risks related to occupational safety and health. 2007. Available at:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/7807118/view?searchterm=None111 EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ERO, Workplace exposureto nanoparticles. 2009.Available at:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/literature_reviews/workplace_exposure_to_nanoparticles/view?searchterm=None112 EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ERO, Foresight <strong>of</strong> newand emerging risks to occupational safety and health associated with new technologies ingreen jobs by 2020. 2011.Available at:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/foresight-green-jobs-keytechnologies/view?searchterm=None113 EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ERO, Risks and trends in<strong>the</strong> safety and health <strong>of</strong> women at work. 2011.Available at:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/reports/new-risks-trends-oshwomen/view?searchterm=None114 EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ERO, Literature study onmigrant workers, 2007. Available at:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/literature_reviews/migrant_workers/view?searchterm=None115 EU-OSHA-European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, ERO, EmergencyServices: A literature review on occupational safety and health risks, 2011.Available at:http://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/literature_reviews/emergency_services_occupational_safety_and_health_risks/view?searchterm=None116 Mid-term <strong>evaluation</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> European Agency for Safety and Health at Work’s 2009-13<strong>strategy</strong>. IES, 2011.http://projects.cowiportal.com/ps/A019055/Documents/3 Project documents/Interim and final report/Final report October 2012/OSH <strong>evaluation</strong>report_Final_submitted14 March 2013.docx
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