Organohalogen concentrations and a gross and histologic ...

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120 the sum of the α-, β- and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane. ΣCHLs are the total concentrations of oxychlordane, trans-chlordane, nonachlor III (MC6), transnonachlor, cis-nonachlor and heptachlor epoxide. Σ-PBDE concentrations are the total of 35 individual or co-eluting congeners (if detected): BDE# 10, 7, 11, 8, 12/13, 15, 30, 32, 28/33, 35, 37, 75, 71, 66, 47, 49, 77, 100, 119, 99, 116, 85, 155/126, 105, 154, 153, 140, 138, 166, 183, 181, 190 (Muir et al. in prep.). All contaminant data is given in ng/g lipid weight (l.w.). Statistics The BMD showed no deviation from normality (Shapiro-Wilk test) while contaminant data was log-transformed (base e) prior to the analyses in order to meet the criteria of normality and homogeneity of the variance. The significance level was set to p ≤ 0.05, while significance levels of 0.050.26). Secondly, the BMD versus age relationship was tested by a linear regression analyses (BMD as dependent variable and age as independent variable) for subadults of both sexes, adult females and adult males. To test for period differences, an ancova was used with BMD as dependent variable, age/sex (subadult females, subadult males, adult females and adult males) and period (before and after 1960 respectively) as class variables, the age as covariable and the 1st order interactions links (age*period, age*age/sex and age/sex*period) between these variables. The model was successively reduced for non-significant interactions (p>0.05) judged from the type-III sum of squares, and the significance of the remaining factors was evaluated from the final model (LSMean). A temporal trend over the entire period 1892-2002 was analysed by a multiple regression analysis with skull BMD as the dependent variable and the individual age and year of kill as explanatory variables for subadults of both sexes, adult females and adult males respectively (the relationship was evaluated from the parameter estimate, r 2 and p-value). The relation between age/sex groups and contaminants was analysed within a one-way anova on the log-transformed contaminant data and significant results were tested among each other by Tukey’s post hoc test. The Skull BMD versus contaminants (∑-PCBs, ∑-DDTs, ∑-CHLs, HCB, ∑-HCHs, dieldrin and ∑-PBDEs) relationships were explored by multiple regressions with skull BMD as the dependent variable and the age and contaminant concentrations as explanatory variables within age/sex groups (subadults of both sexes, adult females and adult males). Finally the relationship between levels of contaminants and BMD was evaluated from the parameter estimate, r 2 and p-value. Results We found a highly significant correlation between BMD (bone mineral density) in skull and femur (r=0.99; p
Figure 2 BMD (g cm 2 ) in skulls from East Greenland polar bears versus individual age (years). Skull BMD and age/sex differences BMD was analysed in 139 skulls representing the period from 1892 to 2002 and consisted of 64 subadults, 40 adult females and 35 adult males. The BMD increased with age in subadults (p0.05) (Fig. 2). BMD differed between males and females (p
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National Environmental Research Ins
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National Environmental Research Ins
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Contents Summary 7 Resumé 11 Prefa
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Paper III-b Periodontitis and tooth
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Summary Marine mammals in the Arcti
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elations between histological chang
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Resumé Betydelige mængder svært
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signifikante relationer blev fundet
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Preface Since ca. 1960 signficant a
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Acquarone, Poul Johansen and Inge B
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Abbreviations ∑ Sum of congeners
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Introduction Study area and samplin
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content and composition) varying wi
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Of the PCBs found in the East Green
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son Bay bears while the difference
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Individual levels and biological ef
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No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
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temperature extremes and/or food av
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Chapter 3 Bone mineral density and
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BMD analysed by DXA reflects the ar
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Table 4 Range in the levels (ng/g l
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Chapter 4 Liver histology of East G
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Table 7 Levels of ∑-PCBs, ∑-DDT
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Frequency (%) 100 80 60 40 20 Sever
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Effects of PBBs (PolyBrominated Bip
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Etiology and pathogenesis E Figure
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common sign (Acland 1995, Feldman 1
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Conclusions and final assessments O
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of CYP-450 activity that impact cir
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Regarding renal tissue, we will try
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Bernhoft, A., Ø. Wiig and J. U. Sk
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Feldman, E. C. (1995): Hyperadrenoc
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(eds.): Ringed seals in the North A
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McCormack, K. M., W. M. Kluwe, V. L
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Rosing-Asvid, A., E. W. Born and M.
Page 71 and 72: Valentino, R., S. Savastano, A. P.
Page 73 and 74: Paper I Seasonal and temporal trend
Page 75 and 76: eproductive rates of seals in the B
Page 77 and 78: concentrations of the 41 individual
Page 79 and 80: Figure 1 Capture locations of the p
Page 81 and 82: Table 4 Results of ANOVAs (F-value
Page 83 and 84: Long-Term Temporal Changes in OC Co
Page 85 and 86: Discussion Geographical Variation i
Page 87 and 88: sen et al. (2001) studied the trend
Page 89 and 90: higher than reported in other studi
Page 91 and 92: Bergman A, Olsson M. Pathology of b
Page 93 and 94: Muir D, Norstrom RJ. Geographical d
Page 95 and 96: Wiig Ø, Gjertz I, Hansson R, Thoma
Page 97 and 98: Key words: polar bear, Ursus mariti
Page 99 and 100: 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Sampli
Page 101 and 102: 2.3 Age Determination The age deter
Page 103 and 104: No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
Page 105 and 106: Table 4 Results (test and p-values)
Page 107 and 108: Table 6 Results from F-tests (p-val
Page 109 and 110: (oxy-chlordane, trans-chlordane, ci
Page 111 and 112: Also Pertoldi et al. (1997) investi
Page 113 and 114: study could not document a relation
Page 115 and 116: Lie E, Bernhoft A, Riget FF, Beliko
Page 117 and 118: function in harbour seals (Phoca vi
Page 119 and 120: (p=0.94). Negative correlation betw
Page 121: Osteodensitometry X-ray osteodensit
Page 125 and 126: Table 3 Significant results from th
Page 127 and 128: 2003) and plasma retinol and thyroi
Page 129 and 130: Comiso JC. 2002. A rapidly declinin
Page 131 and 132: Manalagas SC, Jilka RJ. 1995. Bone
Page 133 and 134: Valentine DW, Soulé M. 1973. Effec
Page 135 and 136: have the potential for adverse heal
Page 137 and 138: Dioxin-like contaminants Extraction
Page 139 and 140: Concentration 9000 8000 7000 6000 5
Page 141 and 142: Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
Page 143 and 144: Polischuk, S. C., R. J. Letcher, R.
Page 145 and 146: Paper IV Liver histology of free-ra
Page 147 and 148: Histology All tissue samples were t
Page 149 and 150: Figure 1 Hepatic lipid accumulation
Page 151 and 152: Figure 2 Left: Portal mononuclear c
Page 153 and 154: Relationship between histology and
Page 155 and 156: kinson 1996). Due to these mechanis
Page 157 and 158: sues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessm
Page 159 and 160: van Duursen, M.B.M., Sanderson, J.
Page 161 and 162: Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
Page 163 and 164: Briefly, ∑PCBs is the sum (s) of
Page 165 and 166: Figure 1 Bottom: example of glomeru
Page 167 and 168: Figure 3 Tubular cell proliferation
Page 169 and 170: Hyalin casts Hyalin casts were eval
Page 171 and 172: Figure 6 Hyperemia (arrows) in the
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al., 2003). We did not find such a
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ANDERSEN, M., E. LIE, A. E. DEROCHE
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LUROSS, J. M., M. ALAEE, D. B. SERG
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organic mercury in liver and kidney
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Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
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Macroscopic examination of reproduc
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Results and discussion The female p
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SC II PC/LC Figure 2 The histology
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The relatively low levels of analys
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(Table 4), and we therefore conclud
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Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
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Letcher RJ, Klasson-Wehler E, Bergm
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Swart RL, Ross PS, Vedder LJ, Timme
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10. Heier, A., C. Sonne, A. Gröne,
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crine organs and skulls in the East
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To investigate the relation between
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