Organohalogen concentrations and a gross and histologic ...

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142 rans (PCDFs) by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). US EPA, Washington DC. US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (1999): Method 1668, revision A. Chlorinated biphenyl congeners in water, soil, sediment and tissue by HRGC/HRMS. US EPA, Office of Water, Washington DC. Zakharov, M.Z. and A.V. Yablokov (1990): Skull asymmetry in the baltic grey seal: effects of environmental pollution. Ambio 19(5): 266-269. Wiig, Ø., A.E. Derocher, M.M. Cronin and J.U. Skaare (1998): Female pseudohermaphrodite polar bears at Svalbard. J Wildlife Dis 34(4): 792-796.
Paper IV Liver histology of free-ranging East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in relation to organohalogen exposure Sonne C. 1,2* , R. Dietz 1 , P. S. Leifsson 3 , E. W. Born 4 , R. J. Letcher 5 , M. Kirkegaard 1 , D. C. G. Muir 6 , F. F. Riget 1 and L. Hyldstrup 7 1 Department of Arctic Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 2 Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Bülowsvej 17, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark 3 Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Bülowsvej 17, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark 4 Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 570, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland, Denmark 5 Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Onatrio, Canada N9B 3P4 6 National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6 7 University Hospital of Hvidovre, Kettegaards Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark * Corresponding author Tel. +45-46-30-19-54; fax: +45-46-30-19-14; Email address: csh@dmu.dk (C. Sonne) Summary The liver histology of 34 subadult, 29 adult female and 25 adult male polar bears (Ursus maritimus) sampled in East Greenland during 1999-2002 were studied to evaluate the toxicity of anthropogenic organohalogens (PCBs, DDTs, CHLs, dieldrin, HCHs, HCB and PBDEs). Lightmicroscopic findings were nuclear displacement from normal, central cytoplasmic location in parenchymal cells, mononuclear cell infiltrations (mainly portally and as granulomas), bile duct proliferations, portal fibrosis and fat accumulation in hepatocytes and prominar Ito-cells. Of these, portal fibrosis was found to be positively correlated with age while bile duct proliferation was highly correlated to the degree of portal fibrosis (some seasonal variations were found as well). Significant differences in mean concentrations of ∑-DDTs was found between groups of histological changes but these were thought to be a result of low sample size. To our knowledge this is a first time evaluation of liver histology in relation to organohalogen concentrations in mammalian wildlife species and the signs of chronic hepatitis, also in relation to Glisson’s triads, is probably natural events in the East Greenland polar bear from ageing, infectious agents, lipid hyperphagia and fasting, but long-term exposure to mercury and organohalogen compounds cannot be ruled out as cofactors. Key words: polar bear, Ursus maritimus, East Greenland, PCBs, DDTs, liver, bile duct proliferation, portal fibrosis, lipid granulomas, Ito cells. Introduction In marine wildlife, chronic exposure to organohalogens (e.g. PCBs and DDTs) has been associated with toxic effects on several organ systems (Bergman and Olsson 1985, Bergman 1999, Bergman et al., 2001, Schumacher et 143
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National Environmental Research Ins
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National Environmental Research Ins
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Contents Summary 7 Resumé 11 Prefa
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Paper III-b Periodontitis and tooth
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Summary Marine mammals in the Arcti
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elations between histological chang
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Resumé Betydelige mængder svært
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signifikante relationer blev fundet
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Preface Since ca. 1960 signficant a
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Acquarone, Poul Johansen and Inge B
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Abbreviations ∑ Sum of congeners
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Introduction Study area and samplin
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content and composition) varying wi
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Of the PCBs found in the East Green
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son Bay bears while the difference
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Individual levels and biological ef
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No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
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temperature extremes and/or food av
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Chapter 3 Bone mineral density and
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BMD analysed by DXA reflects the ar
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Table 4 Range in the levels (ng/g l
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Chapter 4 Liver histology of East G
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Table 7 Levels of ∑-PCBs, ∑-DDT
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Frequency (%) 100 80 60 40 20 Sever
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Effects of PBBs (PolyBrominated Bip
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Etiology and pathogenesis E Figure
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common sign (Acland 1995, Feldman 1
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Conclusions and final assessments O
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of CYP-450 activity that impact cir
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Regarding renal tissue, we will try
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Bernhoft, A., Ø. Wiig and J. U. Sk
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Feldman, E. C. (1995): Hyperadrenoc
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(eds.): Ringed seals in the North A
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McCormack, K. M., W. M. Kluwe, V. L
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Rosing-Asvid, A., E. W. Born and M.
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Valentino, R., S. Savastano, A. P.
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Paper I Seasonal and temporal trend
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eproductive rates of seals in the B
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concentrations of the 41 individual
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Figure 1 Capture locations of the p
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Table 4 Results of ANOVAs (F-value
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Long-Term Temporal Changes in OC Co
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Discussion Geographical Variation i
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sen et al. (2001) studied the trend
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higher than reported in other studi
Page 91 and 92:
Bergman A, Olsson M. Pathology of b
Page 93 and 94: Muir D, Norstrom RJ. Geographical d
Page 95 and 96: Wiig Ø, Gjertz I, Hansson R, Thoma
Page 97 and 98: Key words: polar bear, Ursus mariti
Page 99 and 100: 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Sampli
Page 101 and 102: 2.3 Age Determination The age deter
Page 103 and 104: No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
Page 105 and 106: Table 4 Results (test and p-values)
Page 107 and 108: Table 6 Results from F-tests (p-val
Page 109 and 110: (oxy-chlordane, trans-chlordane, ci
Page 111 and 112: Also Pertoldi et al. (1997) investi
Page 113 and 114: study could not document a relation
Page 115 and 116: Lie E, Bernhoft A, Riget FF, Beliko
Page 117 and 118: function in harbour seals (Phoca vi
Page 119 and 120: (p=0.94). Negative correlation betw
Page 121 and 122: Osteodensitometry X-ray osteodensit
Page 123 and 124: Figure 2 BMD (g cm 2 ) in skulls fr
Page 125 and 126: Table 3 Significant results from th
Page 127 and 128: 2003) and plasma retinol and thyroi
Page 129 and 130: Comiso JC. 2002. A rapidly declinin
Page 131 and 132: Manalagas SC, Jilka RJ. 1995. Bone
Page 133 and 134: Valentine DW, Soulé M. 1973. Effec
Page 135 and 136: have the potential for adverse heal
Page 137 and 138: Dioxin-like contaminants Extraction
Page 139 and 140: Concentration 9000 8000 7000 6000 5
Page 141 and 142: Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
Page 143: Polischuk, S. C., R. J. Letcher, R.
Page 147 and 148: Histology All tissue samples were t
Page 149 and 150: Figure 1 Hepatic lipid accumulation
Page 151 and 152: Figure 2 Left: Portal mononuclear c
Page 153 and 154: Relationship between histology and
Page 155 and 156: kinson 1996). Due to these mechanis
Page 157 and 158: sues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessm
Page 159 and 160: van Duursen, M.B.M., Sanderson, J.
Page 161 and 162: Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
Page 163 and 164: Briefly, ∑PCBs is the sum (s) of
Page 165 and 166: Figure 1 Bottom: example of glomeru
Page 167 and 168: Figure 3 Tubular cell proliferation
Page 169 and 170: Hyalin casts Hyalin casts were eval
Page 171 and 172: Figure 6 Hyperemia (arrows) in the
Page 173 and 174: al., 2003). We did not find such a
Page 175 and 176: ANDERSEN, M., E. LIE, A. E. DEROCHE
Page 177 and 178: LUROSS, J. M., M. ALAEE, D. B. SERG
Page 179 and 180: organic mercury in liver and kidney
Page 181 and 182: Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
Page 183 and 184: Macroscopic examination of reproduc
Page 185 and 186: Results and discussion The female p
Page 187 and 188: SC II PC/LC Figure 2 The histology
Page 189 and 190: The relatively low levels of analys
Page 191 and 192: (Table 4), and we therefore conclud
Page 193 and 194: Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
Page 195 and 196:
Letcher RJ, Klasson-Wehler E, Bergm
Page 197 and 198:
Swart RL, Ross PS, Vedder LJ, Timme
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10. Heier, A., C. Sonne, A. Gröne,
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crine organs and skulls in the East
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To investigate the relation between
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