Organohalogen concentrations and a gross and histologic ...

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126 shown to be associated with PBDEs in laboratory rats (e.g. de Wit 2002) as well as polar bears from Svalbard (Skaare et al. 2001). Conclusions Skull bone mineral density (BMD) increased with age in subadults and was higher in males than in females at all ages. For adult females older than 13 years of age a menopausal BMD decrease was indicated but a further examination requires a larger sample size. BMD in skulls from subadult females, subadult males and adult males sampled in the supposed pollution period (1961-2002) was significantly lower than BMD in skulls from the supposed pre-pollution period of organochlorine and PBDE compunds (1892-1960). Furthermore, correlative relationships suggested that Σ-PCB, Σ- CHL, dieldrin and Σ-DDT exposure negatively influenced BMD in skulls from subadults of both sexes and adult males. References Alveblom, A-K, Rylander L, Johnell O, Hagmar L. 2003. Incidence of hospitilized osteoporotic fractures in cohorts with high dietary intake of persistent organic compounds. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 76:246-248. AMAP. 2004. Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic. Amap Assessment 2002, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Oslo, Norway. xvi+310 pp. Beard J, Jong K. 2000. 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis (P-Chlorophenyl)-Ethane (DDT) and reduced bone mineral density. Arch Environ Health 55(3):177-180. Bengtsson BE, Bengtsson A, Himberg M. 1985. Fish deformities and pollution in some Swedish waters. Ambio 14:32-35. Bergman A, Olsson M. 1985. Pathology of baltic grey seal and ringed seal females with special reference to adrenocortical hyperplasia: is environmental pollution the cause of a widely distributed disease syndrome? Finnish game Res 44:47-62. Bergman A., Olsson M, Reiland S. 1992. Skull-bone lesions in the Baltic grey seal Halichoerus grypus). Ambio 21:517-519. Bernhoft A, Wiig Ø, Skaare JU. 1997. Organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. Environ Pollut 96:159-175. Bernhoft A, Skaare JU, Wiig Ø, Derocher AE, Larsen HJS. 2000. Possible immunotoxic effects of organochlorines in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) at Svalbard. J Toxicol Environ Health A 57(7):561-574. Birnbaum LS. 1994. Endocrine effects of prenatal exposure to PCBs, dioxins and other xenobiotics: implications for policy and research. Environ Hlth Persp 102:676-679. Blomkvist G, Roos A, Jensen S, Bignert A, Olsson M. 1992. Concentrations of sDDT and PCB in seals from swedish and scottish waters. Ambio 21(8):539- 545. Brandt M, Siegel MI. 1978. The effects of stress on cortical bone thickness in rodents. Am J Phys Anthrop 49:31-34. Colborn T, Vom Saal FA, Soto AM. 1993. Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ Hlth Persp 101:378-384.
Comiso JC. 2002. A rapidly declining perennial sea ice cover in the Arcticm [Letter]. Geophys Res Lett 29:1956. Damstra T, Barlow S, Bergman A, Kavlock R, Kraak GVD. 2002. Global assessment of the state-of-the-science of endocrine disruptors. WHO, Geneva, Schwitzerland, 2002. de Guise S, Lagace A, Beland P, Girard C, Higgins R. 1995. Non-neoplastic lesions in beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and other marine mammals from the St. Lawrence estuary. J Comp Pathol 112(3):257-271. DeLillis RA. 1989. The endocrine system. In: Robbins Pathlogica Basis of Disease (Cotran RS, Kumar V, Robbins SL, eds). Philadelphia, PA:Saunders Co, 1205–1276. de March BGE, de Wit C, Muir DCG, Braune B, Gregor DJ, Norstrom RJ. 1998. Persistent Organic Pollutants. In: AMAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues. Chapter 6. Oslo, PA:Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Norway, 183-372. Derocher AE, Stirling I. 1994. Age-specific reproductive-performance of female polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Can J Zool 234(part 4):527-536. de Wit CA. 2002. An overview of brominated flame retardants in the environment. Chemosphere 46 (5):583-624. Dietz R, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Härkönen T, Teilmann J, Valentin N. 1991. Age determination of european harbour seal (Phoca vitulina L.). Sarsia 76:17- 21. Dietz R, Riget FF, Sonne C, Letcher RJ, Born EW, Muir DCG. 2004. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus), 1990-2001. Sci Total Environ 331:107-124. Doyle WJ., Kelley C, Siegel MI. 1977. The effects of audiogenic stress on the growth of long bones in the laboratory rat (Rattus novbegicus). Growth 41:183-189. Feldman EC. 1995. Hyperadrenocorticism. In: Textbook of veterinary internal medicine (vol. II) (Ettinger, S. J. and E. C. Feldman, eds). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Co, 1538-1578. Fernie K, Bortolotti G, Drouillard K, Smits J, Marchant T. 2003. Developmental toxicity of in ovo exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls: II. Effects of maternal or paternal exposure on second-generations nestling american kestrels. Environ Toxicol Chem 22(11):2688-2694. Førland EJ, Hanssen-Bauer I, Jónsson T, Kern-Hansen C, Nordli PØ, Tveito OE, et al. 2002. Twentieth-century variations in temperature and precipitation in the Nordic Arctic. Polar Rec 38(206):203-210. Ganong WF. 1997. Review of Medical Physiology. 15th ed. East Norwalk, CT:Appleton & Lange, 365–367, 360–372 Glynn AW, Michaëlsson K, Lind PM, Wolk A, Aune M, Atuma S, et al. 2000. Organochlorines and bone mineral density in swedish men from the general population. Osteoporos Int 11:1036-1042. Guo YL, Lin CJ, Yao WJ, Ryan JJ, Hsu CC. 1994. Musculoskeletal changes in children prenatally exposed to polychlorinated-biphenyls and relatedcompounds (Yu-Cheng children). J Toxicol Environ Health 41(1):83-93. Haave M, Ropstad E, Derocher AE, Lie E, Dahl E, Wiig Ø, et al. 2003. Polychlorinated biphenyls and reproductive hormones in female polar bears at Svalbard. Environ Hlth Persp 111(4):431-436. Hampson G, Bhargava N, Cheung J, Vaja S, Seed PT, Fogelman I. 2002. Low circulating estradiol and adrenal androgens concentations in men on gluco- 127
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National Environmental Research Ins
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National Environmental Research Ins
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Contents Summary 7 Resumé 11 Prefa
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Paper III-b Periodontitis and tooth
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Summary Marine mammals in the Arcti
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elations between histological chang
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Resumé Betydelige mængder svært
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signifikante relationer blev fundet
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Preface Since ca. 1960 signficant a
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Acquarone, Poul Johansen and Inge B
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Abbreviations ∑ Sum of congeners
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Introduction Study area and samplin
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content and composition) varying wi
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Of the PCBs found in the East Green
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son Bay bears while the difference
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Individual levels and biological ef
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No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
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temperature extremes and/or food av
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Chapter 3 Bone mineral density and
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BMD analysed by DXA reflects the ar
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Table 4 Range in the levels (ng/g l
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Chapter 4 Liver histology of East G
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Table 7 Levels of ∑-PCBs, ∑-DDT
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Frequency (%) 100 80 60 40 20 Sever
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Effects of PBBs (PolyBrominated Bip
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Etiology and pathogenesis E Figure
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common sign (Acland 1995, Feldman 1
Page 55 and 56:
Conclusions and final assessments O
Page 57 and 58:
of CYP-450 activity that impact cir
Page 59 and 60:
Regarding renal tissue, we will try
Page 61 and 62:
Bernhoft, A., Ø. Wiig and J. U. Sk
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Feldman, E. C. (1995): Hyperadrenoc
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(eds.): Ringed seals in the North A
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McCormack, K. M., W. M. Kluwe, V. L
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Rosing-Asvid, A., E. W. Born and M.
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Valentino, R., S. Savastano, A. P.
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Paper I Seasonal and temporal trend
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eproductive rates of seals in the B
Page 77 and 78: concentrations of the 41 individual
Page 79 and 80: Figure 1 Capture locations of the p
Page 81 and 82: Table 4 Results of ANOVAs (F-value
Page 83 and 84: Long-Term Temporal Changes in OC Co
Page 85 and 86: Discussion Geographical Variation i
Page 87 and 88: sen et al. (2001) studied the trend
Page 89 and 90: higher than reported in other studi
Page 91 and 92: Bergman A, Olsson M. Pathology of b
Page 93 and 94: Muir D, Norstrom RJ. Geographical d
Page 95 and 96: Wiig Ø, Gjertz I, Hansson R, Thoma
Page 97 and 98: Key words: polar bear, Ursus mariti
Page 99 and 100: 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Sampli
Page 101 and 102: 2.3 Age Determination The age deter
Page 103 and 104: No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
Page 105 and 106: Table 4 Results (test and p-values)
Page 107 and 108: Table 6 Results from F-tests (p-val
Page 109 and 110: (oxy-chlordane, trans-chlordane, ci
Page 111 and 112: Also Pertoldi et al. (1997) investi
Page 113 and 114: study could not document a relation
Page 115 and 116: Lie E, Bernhoft A, Riget FF, Beliko
Page 117 and 118: function in harbour seals (Phoca vi
Page 119 and 120: (p=0.94). Negative correlation betw
Page 121 and 122: Osteodensitometry X-ray osteodensit
Page 123 and 124: Figure 2 BMD (g cm 2 ) in skulls fr
Page 125 and 126: Table 3 Significant results from th
Page 127: 2003) and plasma retinol and thyroi
Page 131 and 132: Manalagas SC, Jilka RJ. 1995. Bone
Page 133 and 134: Valentine DW, Soulé M. 1973. Effec
Page 135 and 136: have the potential for adverse heal
Page 137 and 138: Dioxin-like contaminants Extraction
Page 139 and 140: Concentration 9000 8000 7000 6000 5
Page 141 and 142: Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
Page 143 and 144: Polischuk, S. C., R. J. Letcher, R.
Page 145 and 146: Paper IV Liver histology of free-ra
Page 147 and 148: Histology All tissue samples were t
Page 149 and 150: Figure 1 Hepatic lipid accumulation
Page 151 and 152: Figure 2 Left: Portal mononuclear c
Page 153 and 154: Relationship between histology and
Page 155 and 156: kinson 1996). Due to these mechanis
Page 157 and 158: sues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessm
Page 159 and 160: van Duursen, M.B.M., Sanderson, J.
Page 161 and 162: Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
Page 163 and 164: Briefly, ∑PCBs is the sum (s) of
Page 165 and 166: Figure 1 Bottom: example of glomeru
Page 167 and 168: Figure 3 Tubular cell proliferation
Page 169 and 170: Hyalin casts Hyalin casts were eval
Page 171 and 172: Figure 6 Hyperemia (arrows) in the
Page 173 and 174: al., 2003). We did not find such a
Page 175 and 176: ANDERSEN, M., E. LIE, A. E. DEROCHE
Page 177 and 178: LUROSS, J. M., M. ALAEE, D. B. SERG
Page 179 and 180:
organic mercury in liver and kidney
Page 181 and 182:
Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
Page 183 and 184:
Macroscopic examination of reproduc
Page 185 and 186:
Results and discussion The female p
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SC II PC/LC Figure 2 The histology
Page 189 and 190:
The relatively low levels of analys
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(Table 4), and we therefore conclud
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Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
Page 195 and 196:
Letcher RJ, Klasson-Wehler E, Bergm
Page 197 and 198:
Swart RL, Ross PS, Vedder LJ, Timme
Page 199 and 200:
10. Heier, A., C. Sonne, A. Gröne,
Page 201 and 202:
crine organs and skulls in the East
Page 203:
To investigate the relation between
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