Organohalogen concentrations and a gross and histologic ...

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70 Zavon, M. R. and K. L. Stemmer (1975): The effect of dieldrin ingestion on rhesus monkeys. A six-year study. Kettering Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. Zimmerman, S. W., K. Groehler and G. J. Beirne (1975): Hydrocarbon exposure and chronic glomerulonephritis. Lancet 2 (7927): 199-201.
Paper I Seasonal and temporal trends in polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus), 1990-2001 Dietz R. 1* , F.F. Riget 1 , C. Sonne-Hansen 1,2 , R. Letcher 3 , E.W. Born 4 and D.C.G. Muir 5 1 Department of Arctic Environment, National Environmental Research Institute, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark 2 Department of Basic Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Bülowsvej 17, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark 3 Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor ON Canada 4 Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 570, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland, Denmark 5 National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON Canada Abstract Persistent organochlorine (OC) contaminants (PCBs, DDTs, chlordanes (CHLs), dieldrin, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlorobenzenes (CBzs)) were determined in adipose tissue of 92 polar bears (Ursus maritimus) sampled between 1999 and 2001 in Central East Greenland (69˚00’N and 74˚00’N, 19˚00’W and 24˚00’W). OC data were presented from subadults (S: females: 6 yrs). Summed chlorobiphenyl (ΣCBs) concentrations (41 congeners including co-eluters), ΣCHLs and ΣDDTs were the dominant classes of OCs. ΣCBs concentrations were found to be 6470, 8240 and 9100 ng/g lipid weight (lw) i subadults, adult females and adult males respectively. The corresponding figures were: 2010 (S), 2220 (F) and 1710 (M) ng/g lw for ΣCHLs and 462 (S), 462 (F) and 559 (M) ng/g lw for ΣDDTs. The dominant CB congeners were CB153 (32.3%), CB180 (21.4%), CB170 (12.2%) and CB138 (11.0%). Oxychlordane was the dominant (57.1%) CHL-related compound. Concentrations of ΣCBs, ΣCBzs, ΣDDTs, mirex and dieldrin were highest in adult males, whereas concentrations of ΣHCHs were lower than in adult females but not than those in subadults.Adult females had the lowest concentrations of ΣCBzs, mirex and dieldrin. Concentrations of ΣCHLs were lowest in adult males, intermediate in subadults and highest in adult females. ΣCB, ΣHCH and ΣCHL concentrations showed high seasonal variability in adult females but remained relatively constant in adult males and subadults. In general, the OC levels in females appeared to be highest in March and lowest in January or September. Concentrations of ΣCBzs and dieldrin showed seasonal variability in all three groups, with a maximum in March in adult females. ΣCBz concentrations in adult males and subadults of both sexes peaked in April-July, and dieldrin concentrations peaked in April-July in subadults, but not until August in adult males. ΣDDT concentrations increased from January to a maximum in April-July for subadults and in August for adults. Temporal trends within the last decade were examined by comparing the present data to the concentrations reported in samples from 1990 from the same region. ΣCB, p,p’-DDE and ΣHCH concentrations in 1999-2001 were 22.1%, 66.3% and 39.3% lower than the 1990 concentrations, respectively. in contrast, ΣCHL and dieldrin concentrations showed differences amongst sex and age groups in the temporal trends, where present concentrations are between 24.4% to 69.3% and 27.0% to 69.0% lower, respectively, relative to the 1990 levels. However, power analy- 71
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National Environmental Research Ins
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National Environmental Research Ins
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Contents Summary 7 Resumé 11 Prefa
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Paper III-b Periodontitis and tooth
Page 9 and 10:
Summary Marine mammals in the Arcti
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elations between histological chang
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Resumé Betydelige mængder svært
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signifikante relationer blev fundet
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Preface Since ca. 1960 signficant a
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Acquarone, Poul Johansen and Inge B
Page 21 and 22: Abbreviations ∑ Sum of congeners
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Study area and samplin
Page 25 and 26: content and composition) varying wi
Page 27 and 28: Of the PCBs found in the East Green
Page 29 and 30: son Bay bears while the difference
Page 31 and 32: Individual levels and biological ef
Page 33 and 34: No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
Page 35 and 36: temperature extremes and/or food av
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3 Bone mineral density and
Page 39 and 40: BMD analysed by DXA reflects the ar
Page 41 and 42: Table 4 Range in the levels (ng/g l
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 4 Liver histology of East G
Page 45 and 46: Table 7 Levels of ∑-PCBs, ∑-DDT
Page 47 and 48: Frequency (%) 100 80 60 40 20 Sever
Page 49 and 50: Effects of PBBs (PolyBrominated Bip
Page 51 and 52: Etiology and pathogenesis E Figure
Page 53 and 54: common sign (Acland 1995, Feldman 1
Page 55 and 56: Conclusions and final assessments O
Page 57 and 58: of CYP-450 activity that impact cir
Page 59 and 60: Regarding renal tissue, we will try
Page 61 and 62: Bernhoft, A., Ø. Wiig and J. U. Sk
Page 63 and 64: Feldman, E. C. (1995): Hyperadrenoc
Page 65 and 66: (eds.): Ringed seals in the North A
Page 67 and 68: McCormack, K. M., W. M. Kluwe, V. L
Page 69 and 70: Rosing-Asvid, A., E. W. Born and M.
Page 71: Valentino, R., S. Savastano, A. P.
Page 75 and 76: eproductive rates of seals in the B
Page 77 and 78: concentrations of the 41 individual
Page 79 and 80: Figure 1 Capture locations of the p
Page 81 and 82: Table 4 Results of ANOVAs (F-value
Page 83 and 84: Long-Term Temporal Changes in OC Co
Page 85 and 86: Discussion Geographical Variation i
Page 87 and 88: sen et al. (2001) studied the trend
Page 89 and 90: higher than reported in other studi
Page 91 and 92: Bergman A, Olsson M. Pathology of b
Page 93 and 94: Muir D, Norstrom RJ. Geographical d
Page 95 and 96: Wiig Ø, Gjertz I, Hansson R, Thoma
Page 97 and 98: Key words: polar bear, Ursus mariti
Page 99 and 100: 2. Materials and methods 2.1 Sampli
Page 101 and 102: 2.3 Age Determination The age deter
Page 103 and 104: No. skulls collected 50 45 40 35 30
Page 105 and 106: Table 4 Results (test and p-values)
Page 107 and 108: Table 6 Results from F-tests (p-val
Page 109 and 110: (oxy-chlordane, trans-chlordane, ci
Page 111 and 112: Also Pertoldi et al. (1997) investi
Page 113 and 114: study could not document a relation
Page 115 and 116: Lie E, Bernhoft A, Riget FF, Beliko
Page 117 and 118: function in harbour seals (Phoca vi
Page 119 and 120: (p=0.94). Negative correlation betw
Page 121 and 122: Osteodensitometry X-ray osteodensit
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Figure 2 BMD (g cm 2 ) in skulls fr
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Table 3 Significant results from th
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2003) and plasma retinol and thyroi
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Comiso JC. 2002. A rapidly declinin
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Manalagas SC, Jilka RJ. 1995. Bone
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Valentine DW, Soulé M. 1973. Effec
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have the potential for adverse heal
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Dioxin-like contaminants Extraction
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Concentration 9000 8000 7000 6000 5
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Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
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Polischuk, S. C., R. J. Letcher, R.
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Paper IV Liver histology of free-ra
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Histology All tissue samples were t
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Figure 1 Hepatic lipid accumulation
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Figure 2 Left: Portal mononuclear c
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Relationship between histology and
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kinson 1996). Due to these mechanis
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sues. Arctic Monitoring and Assessm
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van Duursen, M.B.M., Sanderson, J.
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Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
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Briefly, ∑PCBs is the sum (s) of
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Figure 1 Bottom: example of glomeru
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Figure 3 Tubular cell proliferation
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Hyalin casts Hyalin casts were eval
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Figure 6 Hyperemia (arrows) in the
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al., 2003). We did not find such a
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ANDERSEN, M., E. LIE, A. E. DEROCHE
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LUROSS, J. M., M. ALAEE, D. B. SERG
Page 179 and 180:
organic mercury in liver and kidney
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Introduction Polar bears (Ursus mar
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Macroscopic examination of reproduc
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Results and discussion The female p
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SC II PC/LC Figure 2 The histology
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The relatively low levels of analys
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(Table 4), and we therefore conclud
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Acknowledgements Danish Cooperation
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Letcher RJ, Klasson-Wehler E, Bergm
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Swart RL, Ross PS, Vedder LJ, Timme
Page 199 and 200:
10. Heier, A., C. Sonne, A. Gröne,
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crine organs and skulls in the East
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To investigate the relation between
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